-107일째- p.36 (1) The four questions stated above summarize the whole obligation of a reader. They apply to anything worth reading—a book or an article or even an advertisement.Inspectional reading tends to provide more accurate answers to the first two questions than to the last two, but it nevertheless helps with those also. An analytical reading of a book has not been accomplished satisfactorily until you have answers to those last questions—until you have some idea of the book’s truth, in whole or part, and of its significance, if only in your own scheme of things. The last question—What of it?—is probably the most important one in syntopical reading. Naturally, you will have to answer the first three questions before attempting the final one. (2) Knowing what the four questions are is not enough. You must remember to ask them as you read. The habit of doing that is the mark of a demanding reader. More than that, you must know how to answer them precisely and accurately. The trained ability to do that is the art of reading. (3) People go to sleep over good books not because they are unwilling to make the e.ort, but because they do not know how to make it. Good books are over your head; they would not be good for you if they were not. And books that are over your head weary you unless you can reach up to them and pull yourself up to their level. It is not the stretching that tires you, but the frustration of stretching unsuccessfully because you lack the skill to stretch e.ectively. To keep on reading actively, you must have not only the will to do so, but also the skill—the art that enables you to elevate yourself by mastering what at first sight seems to be beyond you. How to Make a Book Your Own (4) If you have the habit of asking a book questions as you read, you are a better reader than if you do not. But, as we have indicated, merely asking questions is not enough. You have to try to answer them. And although that could be done, theoretically, in your mind only, it is much easier to do it with a pencil in your hand. The pencil then becomes the sign of your alertness while you read. (5) It is an old saying that you have to “read between the lines” to get the most out of anything. The rules of reading are a formal way of saying this. But we want to persuade you to “write between the lines,” too. Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading. (6) When you buy a book, you establish a property right in it, just as you do in clothes or furniture when you buy and pay for them. But the act of purchase is actually only the prelude to possession in the case of a book. Full ownership of a book only comes when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it—which comes to the same thing—is by writing in it. ======================================================== 다음과 같이 읽어 보았습니다. (1)The Essence of Active Reading: The Four Basic Questions a Reader Asks 능동적 독서의 정수: 독자가 물어야 할 기본적인 질문 네가지 We have already discussed active reading extensively in this book. 우리는 이 책에서 이미 능동적 독서를 광범위하게 다루었습니다. We have said that active reading is better reading, and we have noted that inspectional reading is always active. 우리는 능동적인 독서가 더 나은 것이라고 이야기 했고, 우리는 관찰 독서가 항상 능동적이라는 것에 주목했습니다. It is an effortful, not an effortless, undertaking. 그것은 노력 없는 것이 아닌 노력으로 가득한 과정입니다. But we have not yet gone to the heart of the matter by stating the one simple prescription for active reading. 그러나 우리는 아직 능동적인 독서를 위한 문제의 핵심으로 가는 하나의 단순한 처방을 하지 않았습니다. It is: Ask questions while you read—questions that you yourself must try to answer in the course of reading. 그것은 책을 읽는 동안 질문들을 하라 입니다. 여러분은 책을 읽는 과정에서 이 질문들에 대해 반드시 답을 하도록 노력해야 합니다. (2) Any questions? No. 아무 질문이 될까요? 그렇지 않습니다. The art of reading on any level above the elementary consists in the habit of asking the right questions in the right order. 기초 수준 이상의 읽기의 기술들은 올바른 질문들을 올바른 순서를 하는 습관으로 형성됩니다. There are four main questions you must ask about any book. 어떠한 책에 대해서도 여러분이 물어야 할 주요한 4가지 질문이 있습니다. 1. What is the book about as a whole? 1. 이 책이 무엇에 대한 것일까요? You must try to discover the leading theme of the book, and how the author develops this theme in an orderly way by subdividing it into its essential subordinate themes or topics. 여러분은 이 책의 주된 테마를 발견하기 위해 노력해야만 합니다. 그리고 어떻게 저자가 이 테마를 종속적인 테마와 주제로 나누어서 논리적으로 발전 시켜 나가는지도 알아야 합니다. 2. What is being said in detail, and how? 무엇이 그리고 어떻게 구체적으로 이야기 되고 있을까요?? You must try to discover the main ideas, assertions, and arguments that constitute the author’s particular message. 여러분은 저자의 메시지를 구성하는 주된 아이디어, 확언, 주장들을 발견할 수 있어야 합니다. 3. Is the book true, in whole or part? 책 전체에 있어 진실인가요? You cannot answer this question until you have answered the first two. 여러분은 앞선 두가지 질문에 대해 답을 하기 전까지는 이 질문에 답을 할 수 없습니다. You have to know what is being said before you can decide whether it is true or not. When you understand a book, however, you are obligated, if you are reading seriously, to make up your own mind. 여러분은 어떤 것이 진실인지 아닌지를 판단하기 전에 무엇이 말해지고 있는지를 알아야만 합니다. 여러분이 책을 이해할 때 어찌되었든 여러분은 판단할 의무가 생기는 것입니다. 여러분이 심각하게 읽고 있다면 말이죠. Knowing the author’s mind is not enough. 저자의 마음을 아는 것 만으로는 충분하지 않습니다. 4. What of it? 그래서 어쨌단 말일까요? If the book has given you information, you must ask about its significance. 만일 책이 여러분에게 정보를 주었다면 여러분은 그것의 중요성에 대해서 물어야 합니다. Why does the author think it is important to know these things? 왜 저자는 이런것들을 아는 것이 중요하다고 생각할까요? Is it important to you to know them? 여러분이 이것을 아는 것이 중요할까요? And if the book has not only informed you, but also enlightened you, it is necessary to seek further enlightenment by asking what else follows, what is further implied or suggested. 만일 책이 정보를 주는것 뿐 아니라 여러분을 계몽하고 있다면, 다른 어떤 것들이 따라오는지, 추가적인 의미와 제안이 무엇인지를 물음으로 추가적인 깨달음을 찾을 필요가 있습니다. (3) We will return to these four questions at length in the rest of this book. 우리는 이 책의 나머지 부분에서 이 4가지 질문에 대해서 지속적으로 이야기 할 것 입니다. Stated another way, they become the basic rules of reading with which Part Two is mainly concerned. 다르게 말해서 이 질문들은 두번째 파트에서 중요하게 생각하는 기본 규칙들이 될것입니다. They are stated here in question form for a very good reason. 이 규칙들은 매우 좋은 이유로 질문의 형태로 이곳에 언급되었습니다. Reading a book on any level beyond the elementary is essentially an effort on your part to ask it questions (and to answer them to the best of your ability). 기초 수준 이상의 읽기는 근본적으로 여러분이 스스로 질문들을 묻고 또한 그 질문들에 여러분의 능력을 다하야 답을 하기 위해 노력하는것입니다. That should never be forgotten. 그것들은 절대 잊혀져서는 안됩니다. And that is why there is all the difference in the world between the demanding and the undemanding reader. 그리고 그것이 까다로운 독자와 그렇지 않은 독자 사이의 차이의 전부입니다. The latter asks no questions—and gets no answers. 후자는 질문을 하지 않고 아무런 답을 얻지 않습니다.
Posted on: Mon, 26 Jan 2015 22:00:01 +0000
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