1933 January 30: Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Von Hindenburg. March 22: The first official Nazi concentration camp opens in Dachau, a small village located near Munich (note: some wild camps already existed before 1933: Papenburg, Esterwegen, Börgermoor etc...). The first commandant of Dachau is Theodor Eicke. April 1: Boycott of Jewish shops and businesses. April 7: Laws for Reestablishment of the Civil Service barred Jews from holding civil service, university, and state positions April 26: The Gestapo (Geheime Stat Polizei - Secret State Police) is established by Herman Goering, minister of Prussia. May 10: Public burnings of books written by Jews, political dissidents, and others not approved by the state. July 14: Law excluding East European Jewish immigrants of German citizenship. 1934 August 2: Hitler proclaims himself Führer und Reichskanzler (Leader and Reich Chancellor). Armed forces must now swear allegiance to him. 1935 May 31: Jews barred from serving in the German armed forces September 15: Nuremberg Laws: first anti-Jewish racial laws enacted; Jews no longer considered German citizens; Jews could not marry Aryans; nor could they fly the German flag. November 15: Germany defines a Jew: anyone with three Jewish grandparents; someone with two Jewish grandparents who identifies as a Jew. 1936 March 3: Jewish doctors barred from practicing medicine in German institutions. March 7: Germans march into the Rhineland, previously demilitarized by the Versailles Treaty. June 17: Reichführer SS Himmler (chief of the SS units) appointed the Chief of German Police. July 12: Sachsenhausen concentration camp opens. October 25: Hitler and Mussolini form Rome-Berlin Axis. 1937 July 15: Buchenwald concentration camp opens. 1938 March 13: Anschluss (incorporation of Austria): all antisemitic decrees immediately applied in Austria April 26: Mandatory registration of all property held by Jews inside the Reich May: Flossenburg concentration camp opens. July 6: Evian Conference held in Evian, France on the problem of Jewish refugees August 1: Adolf Eichmann establishes the Office of Jewish Emigration in Vienna to increase the pace of forced emigration. August 3: Italy enacts sweeping antisemitic laws August 8: Mauthausen concentration camp opens in Austria September 30: Munich Conference: Great Britain and France agree to German occupation of the Sudetenland, previously western Czechoslovakia. October 5: Following request by Swiss authorities, Germans mark all Jewish passports with a large letter J to restrict Jews from immigrating to Switzerland. October 28: 17,000 Polish Jews living in Germany expelled; Poles refused to admit them; 8,000 are stranded in the frontier village of Zbaszyn. November 7: Assassination in Paris of German diplomat Ernst vom Rath by Herschel Grynszpan. November 9-10: Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass): anti-Jewish pogrom in Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland; 200 synagogues destroyed; 7,500 Jewish shops looted; 30,000 male Jews sent to concentration camps (Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen). November 12: Decree forcing all Jews to transfer retail businesses to Aryan hands November 15: All Jewish pupils expelled from German schools December 12: One billion mark fine levied against German Jews for the destruction of property during Kristallnacht 1939 January 30: Hitler in Reichstag speech: if war erupts it will mean the Vernichtung (extermination) of European Jews March 15: Germans occupy Czechoslovakia. May 18: Ravensbruck concentration camp opens. August 23: Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact signed: non-aggression pact between Soviet Union and Germany. September 1: Beginning of World War II: Germany invades Poland. In the following weeks, 16.336 civilians are murdered by the Nazies in 714 localities. At least 5,000 victims were Jews. September 21: Heydrich issues directives to establish ghettos in German-occupied Poland. October 12: Germany begins deportation of Austrian and Czech Jews to Poland. October 28: First Polish ghetto established in Piotrkow. November 23: Jews in German-occupied Poland forced to wear an arm band or yellow star.
Posted on: Mon, 07 Jul 2014 06:35:13 +0000
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