1944 CE - United States - At the Mt. Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, the first United Nations International Monetary Conference was held. It hammered out the final agreement for the post-war New World Order under which in due course there would be a further massive shift in power out of the hands of nation states and democratic governments and into the hands of banks and transnational corporations. Delegates from 44 countries decided to establish the World Bank and the IMF at the Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire The conference set up the IMF and the World Bank. It was agreed that the exchange rates of IMF members would be pegged to the dollar, with a maximum variation of 1% either side of the agreed rate. Rates could be adjusted more sharply only if a countrys balance of payments was in fundamental disequilibrium. In August 1971 CE economic troubles and the cost of financing the Vietnam war led the American president, Richard Nixon, to devalue the dollar. This shattered confidence in the fixed exchange rate system and by 1973 CE all of the main currencies were floating freely, at rates set mostly by market forces rather than government fiat. The gold that was in this country is being used to back the Eurodollar today for the trading partners of the United States. It was transferred overseas to fund the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Monetary Fund, which have become the financial centerpieces of the United Nations, to wit – 1. The Bretton Woods Agreement, July 22, 1944, Articles of Agreement of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development – ARTICLE II. MEMBERSHIP IN AND CAPITAL OF THE BANK SECTION 7. METHOD OF PAYMENT OF SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR SHARES Payment of subscriptions for shares shall be made in gold or United States dollars and in the currencies of the members as follows: 2. Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, July 22, 1944 – The Governments on whose behalf the present Agreement is signed agree as follows: INTRODUCTORY ARTICLE The International Monetary Fund is established and shall operate in accordance with the following provisions: … SECTION 3. SUBSCRIPTIONS: TIME, PLACE, AND FORM OF PAYMENT (a) The subscription of each member shall be equal to its quota and shall be paid in full to the Fund at the appropriate depository on or before the date when the member becomes eligible under Article XX, Section 4 (c) or (d), to buy currencies from the Fund. (b) Each member shall pay in gold, as a minimum, the smaller of (i) twenty-five percent of its quota; or (ii) ten percent of its net official holdings of gold and United States dollars as at the date when the Fund notifies members under Article XX, Section 4 (a) that it will shortly be in a position to begin exchange transactions. The Bretton Woods Agreements are rather revealing in the fact that the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development never gets audited, cannot be attached through judicial process before delivery of final judgment unless it waives immunity, is immune from asset seizure, the archives of the bank have immunity, and immigration and nationality laws for the people working within this confined system are bypassed. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development also only deals with the central banks of the member countries. In essence, it is the central bank for the central banks. Plaque in the Mt. Washington Hotel The fundamental purpose of this agreement is to inundate North America with foreign commerce to the financial detriment of the people of this country, all this quietly being done through the legal fiction known as the corporation. All corporations are considered to be domestic (creations of each State), while the local inhabitants are considered to be commercial foreigners, ensuring the minimum taxation of the corporate entities at the maximum expense of the local consumer. The objects for which a corporation is created are universally such as the government wishes to promote. They are deemed beneficial to the country, and this benefit constitutes the consideration, and in most cases, the sole consideration of the grant. Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 17 U.S. 518, 637; 4 L. Ed. 629, 659 (1819) William Pitt, more than two centuries ago, summarised what has taken place – Unlimited power is apt to corrupt the minds of those who possess it. – a dictum which is more generally known from Lord Actons statement of 1887 CE – Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Thomas Dewey, cover of Time Magazine, October 23, 1944 In the 1944 CE Presidential election, Thomas E. Dewey, the losing candidate for the Presidency on the Republican ticket was a Freemason. 1945 CE - Algeria - Several thousand Algerians are killed during pro-independence riots in Constantine. 1945 CE - Croatia - A Roman Catholic priest from Petricevac led Croat fascists armed with hatchets and knives, to a nearby village where they butchered 2,300 Serbs. 1945 CE - Egypt - In December 1945 CE, a set of 52 religious and philosophical texts, hidden in an earthenware jar for 1,600 years, was accidentally unearthed. A example of the codices discovered in 1945 CE at the foot of Gebel el Tarif mountain: most of these codices were protected in a leather case, such as the one shown here. Not far from the village of Nag Hammadi in Upper Egypt, a group of farmers came across an entire collection of books written in Coptic, the very language spoken by Egyptian Christians, which came as a bombshell to the historical and theological communities. This corpus of 1,200 pages is currently conserved at the Coptic Museum in Cairo and contains one text in particular that made the headlines - the Gospel according to Thomas, which was originally called the secret words of Jesus written by Thomas. Fifty-five years after the miraculous discovery, the controversy still rages on, and the analysis of the texts continues to represent a source of contention. The collection has spawned several books and essays: from interpretations with a Rosicrucian bias to accusations of the religious community being sworn to silence. Scientists continue to raise questions about the exact repercussions of such a discovery. About the dating of the manuscripts themselves there is little debate. Examination of the datable papyrus used to thicken the leather bindings, and of the Coptic script, place them c. 350 - 400 CE. However, it is believed that they are copies of earlier texts written in Greek, though scholars sharply disagree about the dating of the original texts. Some of them can hardly be later than c. 120 - 150 CE, since Irenaeus, the orthodox Bishop of Lyons, writing c. 180 CE, declares that heretics boast that they possess more gospels than there really are. Gamal Abdel Nasser As World War II drew to a close, Arab national ambitions and the desire to prevent creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine led to the creation of the Arab League and soon after, to the rise of Arab national sentiment. Gamal Abdel Nasser, president of Egypt, took advantage of the anti-imperialist feeling to become the leader of a Pan-Arab ideology, which tried to unite Arabs beyond the confines of the nation states, and to encourage a program of modernization and secularization. This program met opposition from Muslim traditionalists. Pan-Arabism declined after Nasser instigated the Six-Day War with Israel, which resulted in a disastrous Arab defeat. Other contenders eventually took Nassers place as leaders of Pan-Arabism, notably Saddam Hussein of Iraq. However, the rise of Islamist fundamentalism or Islamism, offered an ideology that largely displaced pan-Arabism. Pan-Arabism was also challenged by nationalist particularism, especially in Egypt itself, where people have a profound sense of their identity as Egyptians, as distinct from Arabs.
Posted on: Mon, 24 Nov 2014 11:06:42 +0000