22【自由主義】－洛克自然權利說 John Skorupski，John Stuart Mill： If liberty can only be securely defended a political means to，or expression of，some ultimate human end，the analysis of those ends will have to play a central role。The Third chapter of Liberty，the core of the essay，deals with ‘ Individual as One of the Elements of Well-Being ’。It occurs where it does，after the introductory chapter and the interpolated defence of liberty of thought and discussion，because it provides the essential foundation in utility or human good for the Liberty Principle－whose implication are then further unfolded in the last two chapters。The foundation，Mill said，must be utility，but utility in the largest sense，grounded in the permanent interest of man as a progressive being。In chapter iii he sets forth the permanent interest－individual spontaneity and rational automony－on which the human value of liberty rests。 ‘ Free development of individuality ’ and ‘ individual spontaneity ’ nearly combine two things：the unfolding or bringing to fruition of a person’s potentialities of thought and feeling，and the spontaneity of that proceww。A free flourishing individuality is neither artificially forced not trammelled。Spontaneity，naturalness of development，is an essential part of Mill’s idea of full personality。His good society is an English garden；human nature is a ‘ tree，which requires to grow and develop itself on all sides，accroding to the inward force which make it a living thing ’。Each person’s disposition should take on its natutal contour－’ within the limits imposed by the rights and interests of others’。 John Skorupski，John Stuart Mill，（London and New York：Routkedge 1989）pp.347-348
Posted on: Mon, 28 Oct 2013 09:28:19 +0000
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