75 years as one MiG: from I-200 to MiG-35 At the end of 1939 the skilled design office of Artem Mikoyan allocated from the Moscow aircraft factory No. 1 of Aviakhim was founded. The design engineer Mikhail Gurevich became Mikoyans assistant. The first engineering structure of CB MiG was gathered from Polikarpovs CB. Difficult way Mikoyan headed new CB during the period, difficult for the Soviet aircraft. The majority of planes of Red army hopelessly obsolete and to introduce novelty and the advanced technical solutions in domestic aircraft industry it was necessary to many designers among whom there was also Artem Mikoyan. The I-200 plane which development charged CB Mikoyana was urged to solve a difficult situation in domestic aircraft manufacturing branch. The new collective at once got into gear. Many historians of domestic aircraft industry in the books noted extraordinary coordination in Mikoyan and Gurevichs work. People were obviously keen on favourite business and were given it without the rest. A distinctive feature of Artem Mikoyan in work was that fact that he skillfully made the exact and weighed decisions and in work the most part of time found for applied science. In general I reduced paper work in CB Mikoyan to a minimum, having replaced it with close cooperation with the leading research institutes. The new CB and extraordinary coordination in work of all without exception of engineers noted. It was promoted by Artem Ivanovich Mikoyans character - the quiet, judicious, not loving vanity and the raised tonalities head. The I-200 plane which became the first result of work of new CB, rose in air on April 5, 1940 under control of the pilot Arkady Ekatov. Only three months were required to CB Mikoyana to construct, test and lift the new plane in the sky. On May 24 Arkady Ekatov by the same plane set a record on flight speed, having accelerated the new fighter to an indicator fantastic the then - 648 km/h. It made indelible impression on military pilots. The plane turned out so well that the decision to put it in a mass production at once, without completion of necessary tests was made. The first hundred serial cars from the experienced worker of the name I-200 turned in proud MiG-1. Then the name MiG was formalized behind products of new CB and deciphered as Mikoyan-Gurevich. In view of continuous completions, processes on modernizations, the plane after release of party in 100 pieces, christened MiG-3. However, despite all advantages of the new plane, its concept was incorrect. The military doctrine of that time provided fight against the high-rise purposes - bombers of the enemy, but reality of the Great Patriotic War it was critical for MiG-3. The engine of the plane was perfectly adapted for fight at big heights, but air battles of the Great Patriotic War were conducted at heights where smaller and the plane didnt cope with the task assigned to it. MiG-3 were too heavy in management at small heights. The history of fighting application of the first child of CB Mikoyana during war is small. The vast majority MiG-3 were destroyed during raids of the German aircraft on the western airfields of the USSR, and those not numerous planes that could escape, were used almost everywhere. It wasnt necessary to choose any more therefore applied everything to protection of the Soviet sky that is. MiG-3 in a victory over nazis can be considered as the biggest contribution participation in defense of Moscow. Owing to a set of the reasons, the attack plane was necessary for troops for support. Then the decision on replacement MiG-3 on conveyors on Il-2 which was more suitable on an orientation was made. Despite big experiences, evacuation of CB and capacities, Artem Mikoyan was sure that future development of his CB will surely find application in life. Jet draft At the end of 1943 it became clear that planes with piston engines live the last years. Their potential was settled, and only jet draft could offer conceptually new opportunities, experiences with which application already went in nazi Germany. Mikoyan and Gurevich didnt stand aside - their skilled I-250 plane had not traditional jet draft, and combined. Use of the piston engine and a turbocompressor allowed to set up a unique record of speed on I-250 - of the plane squeezed out 825 km/h. Alexander Deyev, the test pilot who was carrying out weeds by this plane, after a landing received from uneasy and joyful Artem Mikoyan keys from his car. After this test flight it became clear that the future of all aircraft behind jet draft. Mikoyan was happy. It once again appeared the rights. The victory in the Great Patriotic War opened access to the Soviet scientists to unique documentation on work on the German turbojet planes which mass production quite could take place if Germany won war. The first practices on the I-300 plane in which the German turbojets of the BMW company were used were based on the German technologies of turbojet draft. Experiences with jet engines of foreign production gave life to such jet planes as MiG-9, MiG-11, MiG-13, MiG-15, MiG-21 subsequently. MiG-15 and MiG-21 directed horror at the American pilots in Vietnam. The same war became also a peculiar ground for testing of flight, load and fire characteristics of planes of CB Mikoyana. The periods of the Vietnamese war - especially busy season for employees of CB Mikoyana. Changes brought in the plane only a few weeks, and at times and days later, after data acquisition about air fights. The rank of the best jet planes of that time was strongly assigned to mikoyanovsky planes. Then MiG became also one of the most mass jet planes in the world: Mig-21 it was constructed in number of more than 13 900 pieces, and the quantity MiG-15 stepped over a mark in 15000 units at all. From Flying foxes to the present Despite considerable progress, CB Mikoyana reached peak of the engineering success with emergence MiG-25. The supersonic fighter interceptor as a lightning dissecting open spaces of the huge country haunted the western intelligence services for many years. Technical characteristics of the plane, its speed and the powerful arms which are generously flavored with unique avionics did it almost imperceptible for all western planes. On evolution MiG-25 (classification of the plane in NATO - Foxbat (Bat) didnt affect problems of technical character, even stealing of one of planes the territory of Japan by the pilot traitor Victor Belenko. Continued work on plane showed to the world a unique record of height: in 1977 the pilot Alexander Fedotov lifted the car up to the height of 37650 meters. Only twenty years could break this unique record later. Further development of the plane MiG-25 in the person of improved MiG-31 in general, according to different messages, gave up as a bad job such loud project as the supersonic American scout of Lockheed SR-71. The associate professor of the Kazan research technical university and the expert in the field of avionics Ilya Matveev in interview to Zvezda TV channel explained that the complex of arms and BREO on MiG-31 in the sum with skilled crew and helped to force to the knees Blackbird. A big role, except the good equipment and speed, still intention to put an end to flights of Blekberd played here - the expert speaks. - When Thrush was intercepted at the height about 16 kilometers and distance by about 150, the crew of the American plane understood that to unpunished flights the end came. When SR-71 took on maintenance, was already late. If, for example, the command for missile launch arrived, it would have no chances to leave from the R-33 rocket in principle. After that case of SR-71 of the American Air Force more never I came nearer to borders of the USSR. The modern period of history meets updated RAC MiG. Planes of the fourth generation of production incorporated the best technologies in the field of aviation design. These aircrafts disperse on an arms market as hot pies, after all on the best always there is a demand. The recent contract with the Ministry of Defence of India for delivery MiG-29К only underlines that fact that planes of the company MiG - one of the best in the world. The plane debut MiG-35 which treats generation 4 ++, only adds concerns to any potential opponent. If shortly to tell about prospects of RAC MiG for the next decade, it is possible to claim safely that engineers of MiG have enough technical practices, and it means that the Russian sky will be under protection, and the Russian aviation industry will live and develop.
Posted on: Sat, 03 Jan 2015 14:07:38 +0000
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