A Tour of the World Alphabetically Here is a representation of the second half of the century worked by the national and the liberation ferments after the “Spring of the People” (1648) Let us take a bird’s eye view of the events; alphabetic and geographical. Africa: The prey of the colonial powers except part s of Egypt and Ethiopia. Argentina: Independence declared in x1816. President: Jose de Urquiza from 1853-1860 Asia: a certain form of Independence of China and Japan. Austria: Emperor Francis Joseph II (1830- 1916) Emperor since 1848 and King of Hungary from 1867 and of the Imperatriz Elisabeth of Sissi (1857-1898). Belgium: Constitutional Monarchy since 1830. The reign of Leopold de Saxe-Cobourg from 1831-186I in position of power: the liberals ( 1857-1870). Bolivia: Independence proclaimed in 1825. President: Jose Maria Linares Lizaruzu since 1857-1861. Brazil: Recognized Independence in 1825. Pedro II 1825-1891) Emperor from 1831 to 1889. Bulgaria: The Turkish Province of Roumalia was under the authority of the Ottoman Empire until 1878 The Independence of the Church in Bulgaria with a Metropolitan in Sophia was claimed in 1 8 7 2 and was recognized in 1945. Canada: Canada is part of the British Commonwealth but has its own governor and chambers. Since 1867 they have their own government. Chile: Gained its independence in 1818. Manuel Mont is president from 1851 to 1861. China: China is under the direction of the Manchus. It suffers from Western influence all this while. Hien –Fog and is the Emperor until 1861 and then he is replaced by Tseu –Hi. Columbia: Independence is recognized in 1819. Mariano Ospina Rodriguez is president from1858 to 1861. Denmark: Constitutional Monarch of Frederic VI, King from 1848 to 1863. Egypt: Ottoman Province nearly independent under the regime of the Vice- King Mohamed Ali from 1805 to 1848. 1854 to 1863 Government of Mohammed Said. England: Queen Victoria (1819-1901) reigns since 1837. Palmerton is Prime Minister. Msgr. John Bird Summer is the 91st Archbishop of Canterbury. He is the Primate of the Anglican Church from 1848 until his death in 1862. He was born in 1780. Equator: Independence was recognized in 1830. Gabriel Garcia Moreno was president from 1859 to 1865. Ethiopia: Imperial Monarchy, Ras Kassa Theodore II is leader from 1855 to 1868. France: Imperial Presidential Regime under Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870. Instable government during. Ended the 2nd Republic (1848-1851). Luxemburg: This Grand Dukedom is established as a Neutral Kingdom in 1867. Greece: Independence proclaimed in 1822 and recognized in 1829. Constitutional Monarchy up to 1867. Iran (Persia): Mounting Russian Pressure on the Kadjars . Chan Nasir-ed-din lead with Thi Khan as grand Vizir. Italy: Constitutional Monarchy with the House od Savoy I the lead, Victor –Emmanuel II from 1849 to 1878. Japan: Absolute Imperial regime with Yoshihito from 1846 to 1947. Low lands: Constitutional monarchy since 1814. William III reigns from 1849- 1890. Mexico: Independence in1821. Napoleon III sticks his nose in their business to establish Maximilian of Habsburg as Emperor of Mexico. Norway: Independence in 1814. Up until 1905, Constitutional monarchy, Paraguay: Independence in 1811. Carlos Antonio Lopez is president from 1844 to 1862. Patriarchate of Constantinople: Ecumenical Patriarch Cyril VII from 1855 to July 1869. Joachim II succeeds him from 1860 to 1863. Low lands: Constitutional Monarchy since 1814, Guillaume III (William III) from 1849 to 1890 Peru: Independence proclaimed in 1821. Dictatorship of Ramon Castilla from 1855 to 1890. Poland: Does not exist as an independent state in the 19th century for it was partioned off in 1772, 1793 and 1795. Pontifical States: even though the Papal States are shrinking they maintain themselves until 1879 Pius IX who was elected in 1846 and knows the longest papacy ever until 1878. He is the last of the Pope-Kings. Portugal: Constitutional Monarchy and parliamentary regime. Peter V from 1861 to 1891. Protestantism: The leaders of Government remain the authorities in of the different Churches. Prussia: Monarchical State with a constitution (1850). Transformed into an imperial regime in 1871 within the German Reich. Frederic William IV (1840– 1861) and replaced by his brother William I (1861- 1888) Romania: Independence of in fact of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1858. The prince Alexander John I Cuza is recognized the head of the Danube Principalities 1861 . The separate headship (Autocephaly )of the Romanian Church is stated I 1864 and recognized in 1885. In 1860 the Metropolitan of al Romania is Nifon. Russia: Imperial autocratic regime. Alexander II (1818-1881) from 1855 to 1881. The patriarchate of Moscow is created in 1589 , then suppressed by a Synod in a 1721 and then reestablished in 1918. Serbia: Autonomy from the Ottoman Empire in 1812, guaranteed by the treaty of Adrianople in 1829. The Patriarchal seat was established in 1832, recognized in 1922. Josif Rajudic said Patriarch LIja. Sweden: Constitutional Monarchy which had a parliament. Reign of Charles XV. 1859 to 1872. Switzerland: Co-federal Democratic State of with a republic and parliamentary type of government. Because of its neutrality many international organizations have their seat there. Geneva is the Center of the World Calvinist Movement. Turkey: Imperial Regime of the Ottoman Empire lead by a Sultan and governed by a grand vixir. A truiy grand vizir is Rechid Pach under Abdul-Medjid from 1839 to 1861. Uruguay: Independence recognized 1878 with two parties, the Colarados( liberals) and the blancos (conservative ) with much unrest. USA: Federal Regime of States. War of Secession. Abraham n Lincoln from 1860 and 1865. Then, he was shot. Venezuela: Proclaimed independents in 1811 and finally recognized in1845. Julian Castro is the revolutionary leader and under him began an unstable and troubled existence hereafter,
Posted on: Fri, 23 Aug 2013 14:47:50 +0000
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