According to Guinness world records Largest empire, by percentage of world population belongs to the Persia empire Achaemenids, which accounted for approximately 49.4 million of the world’s 112.4 million people in around 480 BC – an astonishing 44%. Originating in modern-day Iran, the empire was first established by Cyrus the Great. Behistun Inscription in Kermanshah province at the west of Iran, is an evidence explains that era all in details. Behistun ( From old Persian: Bagastana, meaning the place of god) is a multi-lingual inscription located on Mount Behistun. authored by Darius the Great sometime between his coronation as king of the Persian Empire in the summer of 522 BC and his death in autumn of 486 BC, the inscription begins with a brief autobiography of Darius, including his ancestry and lineage. Later in the inscription, Darius provides a lengthy sequence of events following the deaths of Cyrus the Great and Cambyses II in which he fought nineteen battles in a period of one year (ending in December 521 BC) to put down multiple rebellions throughout the Persian Empire. Darius the Great proclaimed himself victorious in all battles during the period of upheaval, attributing his success to the grace of Ahura Mazda. The inscription includes three versions of the same text, written in three different cuneiform script languages: Old Persian, Elamite, and Babylonian (a later form of Akkadian). In effect, then, the inscription is to cuneiform what the Rosetta Stone is to Egyptian hieroglyphs: the document most crucial in the decipherment of a previously lost script. Dariuss titles and the extent of his empire (1) I am Darius the great king, king of kings, the king of Persia [Pârsa], the king of countries, the son of Hystaspes, the grandson of Arsames, the Achaemenid. (2) King Darius says: My father is Hystaspes [Vištâspa]; the father of Hystaspes was Arsames [Aršâma]; the father of Arsames was Ariaramnes ; the father of Ariaramnes was Teispes ; the father of Teispes was Achaemenes. (3) King Darius says: That is why we are called Achaemenids; from antiquity we have been noble; from antiquity has our dynasty been royal. (4) King Darius says: Eight of my dynasty were kings before me; I am the ninth. Nine in succession we have been kings. (5) King Darius says: By the grace of Ahuramazda am I king; Ahuramazda has granted me the kingdom. In next sections he explains the battles between his army and the rebels and the reasons of the battles and the way he treated them. there are 9 guys standing in front of Darius chained in neck and someone under his foot. for example about the lat guy with an odd cap: War against the Scythians (520/519) (74) King Darius says: Afterwards with an army I went off to Scythia, after the Scythians who wear the pointed cap. These Scythians went from me. When I arrived at the river, I crossed beyond it then with all my army. Afterwards, I smote the Scythians exceedingly; [one of their leaders] I took captive; he was led bound to me, and I killed him. chief of them, by name Skunkha, they seized and led to me. Then I made another their chief, as was my desire. Then the province became mine. (75) King Darius says: Those Scythians [Sakâ] were faithless and Ahuramazda was not worshipped by them. I worshipped Ahuramazda; by the grace of Ahuramazda I did unto them according to my will. (76) King Darius says: Whoso shall worship Ahuramazda, divine blessing will be upon him, both while living and when dead. for all the translation you can find it online. The inscription is approximately 15 metres high by 25 metres wide and 100 metres up a limestone cliff from an ancient road connecting the capitals of Babylonia and Media (Babylon and Ecbatana, respectively). The Old Persian text contains 414 lines in five columns; the Elamite text includes 593 lines in eight columns, and the Babylonian text is in 112 lines. The inscription was illustrated by a life-sized bas-relief of Darius the Great, holding a bow as a sign of kingship, with his left foot on the chest of a figure lying on his back before him. The supine figure is reputed to be the pretender Gaumata. Darius is attended to the left by two servants, and nine one-metre figures stand to the right, with hands tied and rope around their necks, representing conquered peoples. Faravahar floats above, giving his blessing to the king. One figure appears to have been added after the others were completed, as was Dariuss beard, which is a separate block of stone attached with iron pins and lead. Behistun Inscription is registered in UNESCO as a world heritage as below details: Country: Iran Inscribed: 2006 Cultural Heritage Criteria: (2) (3) Category: Archaeological site, Near Eastern
Posted on: Sat, 09 Nov 2013 10:05:16 +0000
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