African American History in the West Timeline: African American History Timelines: Before 1601 1601 - 1700 1701 - 1800 1801 - 1900 1901 - 2000 2001 - African Americans in the West Timeline Yearsort icon Events Era Country State Subject 800 (ca.) BCE Evidence suggests that African travelers may have come to the Americas before Europeans. One indication is the great stone carvings of the Olmec era in Mexico, bearing African facial features. 1492-1600 Mexico n. a. Exploration and Discovery 1492-1493 A black navigator, Pedro Alonso Nino, travels with Christopher Columbus first expedition to the New World. 1492-1600 The Bahamas n. a. Exploration and Discovery 1494 The first Africans arrive in Hispaniola with Christopher Columbus. They are free persons. 1492-1600 Dominican Republic n.a. The New World 1501 The Spanish king allows the introduction of enslaved Africans into Spains American colonies. 1492-1600 Dominican Republic n. a. Spanish Slavery 1511 The first enslaved Africans arrive in Hispaniola. 1492-1600 Dominican Republic n. a. Spanish Slavery 1513 Thirty Africans accompany Vasco Nunez de Balboa on his trip to the Pacific Ocean. 1492-1600 Panama n. a. Exploration and Discovery 1517 Bishop Bartolome de Las Casas petitions Spain to allow the importation of 12 enslaved Africans for each household immigrating to Americas Spanish colonies. De Las Casas later regrets this plea, and becomes a strong opponent of slavery. 1492-1600 Spain n.a. Spanish Slavery 1519 Hernan Cortez begins his conquest of the Aztec Empire. Black Spaniards are among the Conquistadors. 1492-1600 Mexico n. a. The New World 1520s Enslaved Africans are used as laborers in Puerto Rico, Cuba and Mexico. 1492-1600 Cuba n. a. Spanish Slavery 1522 Juan Garrido, a member of the Hernan Cortes expediton that conquered the Aztec Empire, is granted land by the Spanish Crown, becomes a farmer, and produces the first wheat crop in the New World 1492-1600 Mexico Colonial Conquest 1528 Esteban, a Morocco-born Muslim slave, is one of four survivors washed ashore near present-day Galveston, Texas. He is the first known person of African ancestry to enter what is now the western United States. 1492-1600 United States Texas Exploration and Discovery 1539 Esteban is part of an expedition led by Friar Marcos de Niza from Mexico City into the far north of New Spain (Colonial Mexico). Esteban, who moves ahead of the main expedition, is killed at the Zuni town of Hawikuh, just east of the present-day border of Arizona and New Mexico. 1492-1600 United States New Mexico Exploration and Discovery 1541 Persons of African ancestry accompany the expedition of Francisco Vasquez de Coronado from Mexico City to what is now central Kansas. Some Africans remain behind in Kansas and New Mexico. 1492-1600 United States Kansas Exploration and Discovery 1542 The Spanish Crown abolishes Indian slavery in its colonial possessions. 1492-1600 Mexico n. a. Spanish Slavery 1570 New Spains (Colonial Mexico) population includes 20,569 blacks and 2,439 mulattoes. 1492-1600 Mexico n. a. Africans in Colonial New Spain 1571 Free and enslaved black or mulatto women can no longer wear gold, silk or pearls unless they are married to a Spaniard. 1492-1600 Mexico n. a. Africans in Colonial New Spain 1573 Professor Bartolome de Albornoz of the University of Mexico writes against the enslavement and sale of Africans. 1492-1600 Mexico n. a. Spanish Slavery 1598 Isabel de Olvera, a free mulatto, accompanies the Juan Guerra de Resa Expedition which colonizes what is now New Mexico. 1492-1600 United States New Mexico Africans in Colonial New Spain 1600-1790s Persons of African ancestry are among the founders or early settlers of numerous towns in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California including San Antonio, Laredo, El Paso, Santa Fe, Albuquerque, Tucson, San Diego, Monterey and San Francisco. 1601-1700 United States Texas Africans in Colonial New Spain 1602 By Spanish law, mulattoes (people of combined African and European ethnicity), convicts, and idle Africans may be shipped to Latin America and forced to work in the mines there. 1601-1700 Mexico n. a. Africans in Colonial New Spain 1609 Fugitive slaves in Mexico, led by Gaspar Yanga, sign a truce with Spanish colonial authorities and obtain their freedom and a town of their own. 1601-1700 Mexico n. a. Africans in Colonial New Spain 1617 The town of San Lorenzo de los Negros receives a charter from Spanish colonial officials in Mexico and becomes the first officially recognized free settlement for blacks in the New World. 1601-1700 Mexico n. a Africans in Colonial New Spain 1619 Approximately 20 blacks from a Dutch slaver are purchased as indentured workers for the English settlement of Jamestown. These are the first Africans in the English North American colonies. 1601-1700 United States Virginia English Slavery 1646 New Spains (Colonial Mexico) population includes 35,089 blacks and 116,529 mulattoes. 1601-1700 Mexico n. a. Africans in Colonial New Spain 1750 The census of Albuquerque reveals that 25 percent of the families have some African ancestry. 1701-1800 United States New Mexico Africans in Colonial New Spain 1778 A census of San Antonio, Texas shows 759 male residents including 151 blacks and mulattoes but only four are enslaved. 1701-1800 United States Texas Africans in Colonial New Spain 1781 Los Angeles is founded by 44 settlers including 26 who have some African ancestry. 1701-1800 United States California Africans in Colonial New Spain 1793 New Spains (Colonial Mexico) population includes 6,100 blacks and 369,790 mulattoes. 1701-1800 Mexico n. a. Africans in Colonial New Spain 1803 On April 30, Louisiana is purchased from the French. The new territory nearly doubles the size of the United States. 1801-1900 United States Louisiana U.S. Expansion 1804-1806 The Lewis and Clark Expedition explores newly purchased Louisiana and the Pacific Northwest. An African American, York, is prominent in the expedition. 1801-1900 United States Oregon U.S. Expansion 1806 Edward Rose travels up the Missouri River to the Rocky Mountains to become the first of dozens of black fur trappers and traders in the region. 1801-1900 United States Montana Mountain Men and Fur Trappers 1820 The Compromise of 1820 allows Missouri into the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state. It also sets the boundary between slave and free territory in the West at the 36th parallel. 1801-1900 United States Missouri Antebellum Slavery 1820-1825 Free African Americans from the United States settle in Mexican Texas. 1801-1900 Mexico Texas Mexican Texas 1822 Bernardo, the first cotton plantation with enslaved people is established in Texas by former Georgia resident Jared E. Groce on the Brazos River. 1801-1900 Mexico Texas Slavery in Mexican Texas 1824 A new Mexican Constitution adopted on October 4 outlaws slavery throughout Mexico including Mexican Texas. 1801-1900 Mexico Texas Slavery in Mexican Texas 1825 James Beckwourth, the most famous of the African American fur trappers and traders, enters the Rocky Mountains for the first time as a member of the William Henry Ashley Fur Trapping Expedition. Beckwourth will operate throughout much of the West from Montana south to New Mexico and west to California for the next 40 years. 1801-1900 United States Colorado Mountain Men and Fur Trappers 1825 Sixty nine of 1,347 residents of the Austin colony in Mexican Texas are slaveholders. They own 443 enslaved people. 1801-1900 Mexico Texas Slavery in Mexican Texas
Posted on: Sun, 27 Oct 2013 14:05:14 +0000
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