Ahmad Maroff regionbuzz/Europe/Netherlands/---09042013 Ibrahim, Y.M.; Marrof, A.M. and Wafi , M.G. 2009. Effect of irrigation with Gas produced water enriched with CO2 on Alfalfa growth , quality and mineral content. J. of Sci. and Tech. 10(3): 32-41. Abstract : Production of gas is accompanied by some quantities of water that differ according to the area. Water produced with gas at Khor laffan, Qatar Gas was analyzed. Also a reasonable amount of CO2 was also produced which causes some environmental hazards. Effects of irrigation with such water compared to normal water with and without CO2 was studied on alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L. var. Dabilovare) growth. The plant was grown on polyethylene bags at University of Qatar green house in February 2006. Growth, quality, protein and mineral composition of the crop was analyzed along with soil and water analysis before and after planting. The results revealed the possibility of using such water in forage production and fit the international standard for Agricultural and within the FAO values. However, the water contained some phenolic compounds which can be eliminated. Enrichment with CO2 resulted in a positive change in growth parameters (number of leaves / plant, plant height, leaf area ) and increase in protein (22.54%,25.33% in the first and second cut respectively) .The significant effects in mineral content were inconsistent .Further research is needed to focus on residues taking into account local needs and environmental and production constraints. Key words: Alfalfa, CO2, growth, mineral content, water produced with Gas. 1. Sudan University of Science and Technology (Yassin 50 Lycos 2. Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria (a_maroff@hotmail). 3. Department of Agricultural and water research (Central lab) Doha, Qatar Introduction Rainfall and terrestrial water are always insufficient in arid and semi-arid regions of the World. Ground water is the ultimate alternative source of irrigation under such conditions. The plumage of ground water is consistently increasing and water withdrawal has exceeded annual recharge. Due to the enhanced use of ground water , many allied problems have also been sprouted (1). The use of other alternative source of water (Treated water) is becoming vital. However, this water should be managed in such a way that the harmful effects are alleviated ( (2) , (3) , and (4). The steady increase in the amount of water used and waste water produced by urban communities and industries throughout the world poses potential health and environmental problems ((5) and (6). Countries are seeking safe environmentally sound and cost-efficient ways to treat and dispose of waste water. One opportunity is to use municipal waste water (both sewage and industrial effluent) to irrigate forests, forest plantations, greenbelts and amenity trees ( 7 ). Produced water, formation water or brine , as it is sometimes referred to, is comprised of water containing residual hydrocarbons, heavy metals, radionuclide, numerous inorganic species, suspended solids and chemicals used in treated and hydrocarbon extraction (5). Funston, (7) added that the installation of waste water treatment plant is the scientific solution to control pollution expected form disposal of produced water. King et.al,(3) agreed that there is a need for policy strategic and programmatic frameworks which facilitate integrated management of land, water and environment. The conversion of produced water into irrigation provides a cost effective tool to handle excessive amounts of produced water (7).Before the water can be disposed of or reused, it must be purified to a set of specifications for purification and removal of organic and inorganic materials ( 5).Various advanced separation techniques to remove oil , oily constituents and dissolved solids from the produced water were used ( 1,4,5 and 6 ).King , et.al,(3) added that the produced water should not contain any specific ions in concentrations high enough to pose toxicity concern to plants. However , it is generally not suitable to irrigate with produced water on clay soils without proper management ( 8 ). Ganjero, et al,(1) found greater electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio ( SARw ) values than those recommended for irrigation. They concluded that water significantly impacts certain soil properties, particularly if amendments are not properly utilized. Rambeau , et. al, (4) demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing low-salt water (
Posted on: Tue, 18 Jun 2013 02:11:14 +0000
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