And Part 3! 1800 BC — Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, findings volume of a frustum. 1650 BC — Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, copy of a lost scroll from around 1850 BC, the scribe Ahmes presents one of the first known approximate values of π at 3.16, the first attempt at squaring the circle, earliest known use of a sort of cotangent, and knowledge of solving first order linear equations. 1300 BC — Berlin papyrus (19th dynasty) contains a quadratic equation and its solution.[5] 1046 BC to 256 BC — Chou Pei Suan Ching, the oldest Chinese mathematical text, is written c. 1000 BC — Vulgar fractions used by the Egyptians. However, only unit fractions are used (i.e., those with 1 as the numerator) and interpolation tables are used to approximate the values of the other fractions.[6] first half of 1st millennium BC — Vedic India — Yajnavalkya, in his Shatapatha Brahmana, describes the motions of the sun and the moon, and advances a 95-year cycle to synchronize the motions of the sun and the moon. c. 8th century BC — the Yajur Veda, one of the four Hindu Vedas, contains the earliest concept of infinity, and states that “if you remove a part from infinity or add a part to infinity, still what remains is infinity.” 800 BC — Baudhayana, author of the Baudhayana Sulba Sutra, a Vedic Sanskrit geometric text, contains quadratic equations, and calculates the square root of two correctly to five decimal places. early 6th century BC — Thales of Miletus has various theorems attributed to him. c. 600 BC — the other Vedic “Sulba Sutras” (“rule of chords” in Sanskrit) use Pythagorean triples, contain of a number of geometrical proofs, and approximate π at 3.16. second half of 1st millennium BC — The Lo Shu Square, the unique normal magic square of order three, was discovered in China. 530 BC — Pythagoras studies propositional geometry and vibrating lyre strings; his group also discovers the irrationality of the square root of two. c. 500 BC — Indian grammarian Pānini writes the Astadhyayi, which contains the use of metarules, transformations and recursions, originally for the purpose of systematizing the grammar of Sanskrit. 5th century BC — Hippocrates of Chios utilizes lunes in an attempt to square the circle. 5th century BC — Apastamba, author of the Apastamba Sulba Sutra, another Vedic Sanskrit geometric text, makes an attempt at squaring the circle and also calculates the square root of 2 correct to five decimal places. c. 400 BC — Jaina mathematicians in India write the “Surya Prajinapti”, a mathematical text which classifies all numbers into three sets: enumerable, innumerable and infinite. It also recognises five different types of infinity: infinite in one and two directions, infinite in area, infinite everywhere, and infinite perpetually. 4th century BC — Indian texts use the Sanskrit word “Shunya” to refer to the concept of ‘void’ (zero). 370 BC — Eudoxus states the method of exhaustion for area determination. 350 BC — Aristotle discusses logical reasoning in Organon. 330 BC — the earliest work on Chinese geometry, the Mo Jing, is compiled 300 BC — Jain mathematicians in India write the “Bhagabati Sutra”, which contains the earliest information on combinations. 300 BC — Euclid in his Elements studies geometry as an axiomatic system, proves the infinitude of prime numbers and presents the Euclidean algorithm; he states the law of reflection in Catoptrics, and he proves the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. c. 300 BC — Brahmi numerals (ancestor of the common modern base 10 numeral system) are conceived in India. 300 BC — Mesopotamia, the Babylonians invent the earliest calculator, the abacus.
Posted on: Mon, 16 Sep 2013 04:56:46 +0000
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