BOSE invented Radio! not marconi It was the indian scientist Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose, (1858 – 1937) who invented the radio, and not marconi, as it is widely known today Indian scientist Sir J.C. Bose demonstrated the radio transmission in 1896 in Calcutta in front of the British Governor General). The transmission was over a distance of three miles from the Presidency College and Science College in Calcutta. The instruments (Mercuri Coherer with a telephone detector) are still there in the science museum of the Calcutta University.[the Proceedings of the IEEE, January, 1998 the official IEEE magazine acknowledges bose as the first inventor , not marconi.((Marconis first radio transmissions, in 1896, were coded signals that were transmitted only about 1,6 km (a mile) far).In November 1894 J.C. Bose ignited gunpowder and rang a bell at a distance using electromagnetic waves, confirming that communication signals can be sent without using wires Bose repeated his demonstration in the Royal Society in London in 1899 in the presence of Lord Rayleigh (Nobel prize winner in Physics, 1904), Fleming (Professor at London university and later an advisor to the Marconi company), and Lord Lister (President of the Royal Society). As a result he was offered Professorship in Cambridge, but declined. Bose had solved the problem of the Hertz not being able to penetrate walls, mountains or water. Marconi was present in the meeting of the Royal Society and it is thought that he stole the notetbook of Bose that included the drawing of the Mercuri Coherer with a telephone detector. Marconis Coherer, which he used in 1901, was the exact copy of that of Bose. Apparently Marcon was unable to explain how he got to the design. He said that an Italian Navy engineer called Solari had developed it, but Solari late denied it. Marconi then said that Italian Professor Timasina did, which later was exposed as a lie by another Italian professor, Banti. Bose did not apply for a patent on his design because he believed in the free flow of inventions in science. But under pressure from American friends, he applied for the patent in September 1901. He was awarded the US patent for the invention of the radio in 1904. By that time Marconi had received his patent and international recognition. Jagadish Chandra Bosewas born InIndia In1858. Hewas educated InIndiaand inEngland. Hestudied In london and Cambridge and In 1884received a BA degree from Cambridge and a BSc from london University. Bose returned to India upon graduation and joined Presidency College In Calcutta as a physics professor. He was an effective and popular teacher, with a reputation for extensive use of scientific demonstrations In lectures. Severalof his students went on to distinguish themselves, Including SN Bose,who became famous for his Bose-Einsteinstatistics for the paper presented to the IEEE about who invented the radio first, D.T. Emerson National Radio Astronomy Observatory presented this paper, wich resulted in the recognition of bose as being the invntor than marconi, as its widely known click the link given below the paper can be found on tuc.nrao.edu/~demerson/bose/bose.html pdf version tuc.nrao.edu/~demerson/bo...rson_delhi.pdf and it has the pics of bose and his equipments In 1954 Pearson and Brattain gave priority to Bose for the use of a semi-conducting crystal as a detector of radio waves. Further work at millimeter wavelengths was almost nonexistent for nearly 50 years. J.C. Bose was at least this much ahead of his time. Just one hundred years ago, J.C. Bose described to the Royal Institution in London his research carried out in Calcutta at millimeter wavelengths. He used waveguides, horn antennas, dielectric lenses, various polarizers and even semiconductors at frequencies as high as 60 GHz; much of his original equipment is still in existence, now at the Bose Institute in Calcutta. Some concepts from his original 1897 papers have been incorporated into a new 1.3-mm multi-beam receiver now in use on the NRAO 12 Meter Telescope, Arizona, U.S.A. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagdish_Chandra_Bose Plant research His next contribution to the science was in plant physiology. He forwarded a theory for the ascent of sap in plants in 1927, his theory contributed to the vital theory of ascent of sap. According to his theory the pumping action of the living cells in the endodermis junction were responsible for the ascent of sap in plants. He was skeptical about the thee-then most popular theory in ascent of sap, the tension-cohesion theory of Dixon and Joly, first proposed in 1894. His skepticism on the same turned true when Canny proposed the most successful The CP theory backed by strong experimental evidence. Canny experimentally demonstrated the sort of pumping in the living cells in the junction of the endodermis, which JC Bose demonstrated 60 years earlier. His research in plant stimuli were pioneering, he showed with the help of his newly invented crescograph that plants responded to various stimuli as if they had nervous systems like that of animals. He therefore found a parallelism between animal and plant tissues. His experiments showed that plants grow faster in pleasant music and its growth retards in noise or harsh sound. This was experimentally verified later on. His major contribution in the field of biophysics was the demonstration of the electrical nature of the conduction of various stimuli (wounds, chemical agents) in plants, which were earlier thought to be of chemical in nature. These claims were experimentally proved by *Wildon et al (Nature, 1992, 360, 62–65). He also studied for the first time action of microwaves in plant tissues and corrosponding changes in the cell membrane potential, mechanism of effect of seasons in plants, effect of chemical inhibitor on plant stimuli, effect of temperature etc,. And all studies were pioneering. He claimed that plants can feel pain, understand affection etc, from the analysis of the nature of variation of the cell membrane potential of plants, under different circumstances. According to him a plant treated with care and affection gives out a different vibration compaired to a plant subjected to torture. and this has been proven scientificaly too [edit] Legacy Bose’s place in history has now been re-evaluated, and he is credited with the invention of the first wireless detection device and the discovery of millimetre length electromagnetic waves and considered a pioneer in the field of biophysics. Many of his instruments are still on display and remain largely usable now, over 100 years later. They include various antennas, polarizers, and waveguides, all of which remain in use in modern forms today. for a conversation a guy had with bose, check this link en.wikisource.org/wiki/Autobi...gi_-_Chapter_8
Posted on: Sun, 02 Feb 2014 14:09:31 +0000
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