Biography Francis Bellamy, under the supervision of Upham, wrote the program for this celebration, including its flag salute, the Pledge of Allegiance. His version was, I pledge allegiance to my flag and to the Republic for which it stands -- one nation indivisible -- with liberty and justice for all. This program and its pledge appeared in the September 8 issue of *Youths* *Companion*(5). He considered putting the words fraternity and equality in the Pledge but decided they were too radical and controversial for public schools(6). The original Pledge was recited while giving a stiff, uplifted right hand salute, criticized and discontinued during WWII. The words my flag were changed to the flag of the United States of America because it was feared that the children of immigrants might confuse my flag for the flag of their homeland. The phrase, Under God, was added by Congress and President Eisenhower in 1954 at the urging of the Knights of Columbus(7).
Posted on: Thu, 13 Nov 2014 18:38:49 +0000
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