Bring out the main points in the spatial and temporal pattern of the summer rains of India. Ans. The summer monsoons which blow over the landmass of India between June to September have a well defined temporal and spatial character. The temporal characteristics include: a) Onset in the first week of June over Malabar coast with the burst of the monsoon, normally on 1st June, over the Malabar coast. The onset increases with latitude like for example, the onset is around 10th June over Mumbai, by 15th June over Ganga plains and by 1st July over Punjab and Haryana plains. b) The rainfall delivered varies with time in the season. For example, June accounts for around 18-20% of the monsoonal rainfall, while July accounts for around 30% of the rainfall, the rest being in August and September. c) Break monsoon conditions with breaks in the monsoonal rainfall are typical to July and August, particularly in the northern plains. d) The withdrawal of the summer monsoon starts in the first week of September in Rajasthan and the north west, around 10th October in Ganga plains and by 15th December, from Southernmost parts of Peninsular India. The spatial pattern includes variations like: a) monsoon winds assume the form of two major branches – the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch. The Arabian Sea branch includes three different streams which bring rainfall to different parts of Peninsular India except Eastern and North eastern India. The Bay of Bengal branch gets rainfall to Bengal, coastal Odisha and north east India. The two branches have their confluence over Chotanagpur plateau. b) The rainfall in general, increases from west to east over India (after the heavy rainfall over west coastal plains and windward regions of western Ghats). c) Coastal Tamil Nadu, particularly close to Madras and south of it, is dry in the summer monsoon but gets rainfall in October and November by the retreating monsoon. d) the region east and west of Aravallis gets very little rainfall as the Aravallis do not create the orographic effect. e) The rainfall decreases towards Jammu & Kashmir due to increasing distance from the sea. In general, the rainiest region is northeast India. f) The Bay of Bengal branch lacks the distinct streams which are so typical to the Arabian sea branch. #economicsforupsc
Posted on: Fri, 26 Sep 2014 06:44:24 +0000
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