COL. MUMMAR GADDAFI AND WOMEN EMANCIPATION Emancipation Central to Gaddafi’s 1969 revolution was the empowerment of women. His new regime made efforts to advance female emancipation. The new government encouraged women to participate in Libya’s political life and several cabinet posts were allocated to them. Women were also able to form associations. Bouseyfi Kulthum, Libya’s first female pilot, told BBC News that Gaddafi changed the social taboo that closed the space for women. Employment During Gaddafi’s reign, women also made great strides in employment, with improved access to education and acceptance of female paid employment. In 1970, the government passed a series of laws regulating female employment, including equal pay for equal work. By 2006, employment for Libyan women was estimated at 27%, a relatively high percentage for an Arab nation. During Gaddafi’s reign, working mothers enjoyed a range of benefits designed to encourage them to continue working even after marriage and childbirth, including cash bonuses for the first child and free day care centers. A woman could retire at the age of 55, and she was entitled to a pension. Education During the last decade of King Idris’ rule, females enrolled in primary education were only between 11-19%. However, in 1969, education was made a right. And by 1990, the figure stood at 48%. Women’s enrollment in higher education stood at 8% in 1966, but reached 43% by 1996, equal to that of males. Marriage In Gaddafi’s era, child marriages were banned and the minimum legal age to marry placed at 18. Since 1973, Libyan women have had equal rights in obtaining a divorce. Gaddafi also passed gender-friendly women’s laws on marriage and divorce. Amazonian guards “I love a girl in uniform,” the flamboyant colonel once said. His 40 lip-sticked, uniformed girls were charged with his security. He made sure the good-looking, well-trained soldiers wore make-up, thick lipstick, painted their nails, wore designer sunglasses and high heels, alongside their military camouflage, so that they performed this role without losing their femininity. Gaddafi pampered them, making them a media attraction wherever he travelled. Military academy Gaddafi established the Tripoli Women’s Military Academy in 1979 to advance women’s emancipation. The Amazonian Guard passed through this academy. “I promised my mother to improve the situation of women in Libya,” he reportedly said at the time. His mother, a Bedouin tribeswoman born when Libya was an Italian colony, was illiterate. “Without the leader, women in Libya would be nothing,” Fatia, a 27-year-old bodyguard trainee in Tripoli, once told a researcher. “He gave us life. I am ready to die for him. He is a father, a brother and a friend to whom you can confide. You have no idea how humble he is.” Gaddafi’s love affair with women stretched beyond Libya’s borders. Condoleezza Rice Rebels ransacking his palace found an odd photo album consisting of page after page of snapshots of the former US Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice. Gaddafi had expressed his affinity for Rice before: “I ad-mire and am very proud of the way she leans back and gives orders to the Arab leaders… Leezza, Leezza, Leezza… I love her very much,” he once told Al Jazeera in an interview in 2007. In Uganda, he was known to be a very good friend of the Toro Queen Mother, Best Kemigisha. Facts on women in Libya Women are never locked in their homes while their husbands, fathers and brothers go to work. Gaddafi forbade restricting women’s mobility. Women have full rights to drive cars (unlike their sisters in Saudi Arabia). Women also keep their passports. In several Arab countries, a woman’s husband holds her passport so she cannot travel outside of the country without his permission. No person can force a Libyan woman to marry any man. The Imams are expected to protect the woman from abuse by relatives. A Libyan woman can leave a marriage any time she chooses. If a woman enters a marriage with her own assets and the marriage ends, her husband cannot touch her assets. The same is true of the man’s assets.
Posted on: Sun, 20 Apr 2014 09:44:52 +0000
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