Chapter 10 DANCE Definition Is an expression in rhythmic of an intensified sense of life, arising from an inner perception that stimulates both mind and body It becomes a specific dance - When dance as simple emotional expression develops into a design - A planned organization of a pattern of movement in rhythm, in space and on the ground - With its set of steps, gestures and dynamics It becomes a dance form - When this specific dance becomes a group of dances - Stylized in a common design Dance is the rhythmical movement of the body, usually with music to express an idea or emotion, narrate a story, or simply to enjoy and take pleasure in the movement itself. Dance consists of a succession or arrangement of steps and rhythmic movements to musical and/or rhythmic accompaniment. Dances may be associated with paganistic rituals, festivities, revelry, or just the expression of one’s own inner thoughts and emotions. Ever since the beginning of man’s early civilizations, dancing is already practiced. It is older than any of the other fine arts. In connection to music, dance is older because music sprang due to the need to enrich and accompany it. In fact, it is considered to be the oldest of the arts and the mother of the arts. Dancing is not merely for recreational purposes. Many primitive cultures all over the world dance to celebrate childbirth, bountiful harvest, circumcision, prayer and devotion, and many others. It is in these movements that innermost emotions are being expressed and thus the meaning or content is transmitted to the audience. Movements are created to express an emotional or physical state or condition. Dancing generally employs music. Musical accompaniments may range from singing, use of indigenous materials to that provide rhythm, clapping, use of Western instruments like the guitar or piano, a band or piano, a band or even an orchestra. The importance of music to dancing is that it provides the rhythmic accompaniment to the movements of the dancer. Dance as participation: Commercial dance • Where the emphasis is on social expression in dance form Theater dance • Dance as spectacle, where the emphasis is on professional expression of a dance formed Components of the Dance 1. The Dancer The dancer is the medium used in a dance. It is through his body movements and facial expressions that he communicates the ideas and emotions contained in the dance. 2. The Choreographer He is the “composer” of dance steps and movements similar to the composer who writes music. He invents the order and combination of dance steps, the pattern of group dances, and the communication of narrative events through dance and the extension of dance techniques by using familiar actions in new and more complex ways. 3. Accompaniment to the Dance This refers to the instruments that provide musical or rhythmic accompaniment in the course of the dance. Some dances merely use hand clapping for accompaniment, some use sticks, guitar or a combination of various musical instruments. 4. Theatrical Effects This is a component that adds beauty and spectacles to a dance performance. Especially when done on special and formal occasions, theatrical effects like costumes, make-up, and lighting add to the spectacle of the dance and can produce an impressive impact to the dancers themselves and to the audience as well. 5. Music 6. Movement 7. Theme 8. Techniques 9. Design Reasons Why Do People Dance It has been used in worship It plays a role in courtship It serves as a form of acquaintance for a men and women It is as expression of the joy one feels As in old times, it beings magical powers to people It brings victory or somehow restores health to life It ever breaks the monotony of the daily activities It serves to entertain others It gives beauty and inspiration to others It provides personal and effectiveness of communication Kinds of Dance A. ETHNOLOGIC DANCE An ethnologic dance is a dance that is native to a specific race or ethnic group. In the highlands of Luzon and in the Muslim regions of Mindanao, indigenous people have preserved the tradition of their dances. These can be seen in the dance steps, costumes, musical accompaniment and content of the dance. Communal Dance In primitive early tribal cultures dance was a methodology for survival Confronted by an environment that could be rationally controlled nor evaded, members of these tribes sought to transcend the consciousness of self by achieving an ecstatic state, in which they would arrive at a mastery over evil spirits through their dance Primitive Dance The search for magical mastery over nature through loss of self is the distinctive characteristics of primitive dance. The ecstatic state was reached by the repetition of monotonous movements in powerful rhythm – the rhythmic beat to every movement, usually accompanied by drums: • The hard stamping of the feet upon the ground with bent knees • Continuous prolonged repetition of the basic movements The purpose is to reach a mystical condition in which the individual could communicate directly with the supernatural and which the powers of the supernatural could work through the individual Ritual Dance The distinction between primitive dance and ritual dance is that the latter is conscious dance, organized volitionally in its design, purpose and meaning Represents a much later societal development, a level of civilization where dance celebrated mythology rather than magic Folk Dance Through the centuries, the Filipino has shown a great fondness for a great ability in dancing and singing. He dances on practically every occasion; thanksgiving, birth, death, love, war, victory or even matrimony. He dances to his patron saints and even to the birds he finds in the verdant rice fields. • Ceremonial dances are performed during town fiestas and religious events like Easter, Christmas, and Ash Wednesday. Folk dances, more or less, follow geographical conditions. Generally, • the dances from the Northern countries are vigorous, passionate and energetic • in the tropical countries in the Asian nations, the dances, in general, are slow, graceful and performed in a dreamy slow motion. • In the Philippines, we find this to be true. The dances of the mountain people in the north are more energetic and lively than the dances of the lowlanders. Folk dances may also follow the people’s general manner of making a living. • People living near the sea or near rivers have dances showing their occupations, like fishing or gold – panning. • People in the coconut regions use in shells in some of their dances and people in rice growing regions show their occupations in such dances as rive planting, harvesting, pounding and winnowing. Because there are numerous islands in the Philippines, there is a wide difference in the dances and songs found among the Filipinos. • In the places where life is easy, the dances are generally gay and carefree • where life is hard and money scarce, dances are sad, slow and even mournful. Dances from the Ilocos regions are of this type. The traditional occasions for performing these dances and singing these songs also differ from place to place. For example, a dance celebrating a wedding might be different in the North, in the central plains, and in the south. All our native dances, however, are characterized by basic elements such as the particular movements of the arms and the legs or the feet and the gentle swaying of the body. Our folk dances and our songs have been influenced by other nations such as the Malayan countries, Spain, France, England and the United States. The following native folk dances are recognized to have definitely foreign influences • The Malayan influence can be found in the Kandingan, the Dalingdaling Mag bangka dances • whereas the Spanish influences may be found in the Jotas, the Pandanggos the Habaneras • And the American influence in the Lanceros Birginas • The English influence shows in the Ba-Inglis of Ilocus Sur • French in the Alcampior from Leyte the Pasakat from Laguna the German Redoba of Mindoro. Filipino folk dances are very interesting in that many of them reveal traditional Filipino qualities. For example, the national Filipino concept is that Filipino women must be modest, shy and graceful whereas the movements for the men are more energetic and dynamic. This is clearly shown in; • Pandanggos • The Jotas • The Curachas,which are generally courtship and wedding dances. The Filipinos are traditionally reserved and sensitive in relationship of men and women in love, and in social gatherings. • HeleHeleBayoQuierre express this traditional coyness of the typical Filipina whose relative would beshocked if she where to accept a suitor immediately. Love in the traditional Filipino way, is expressed at arm’s length. Filipino folk dances are performed with very little or no bodily contact at all. .in dances of former times if the dance calls for the partners to hold hands, the men had to use handkerchiefs so that their fair partners would not be exposed to direct skin – to -- skin contact. In some dances the women held fans which they could extend to their partners as substitute for their hands. Examples of Philippine Folk Dances 1. Bun kaka A Benguet Festival Dance showing women dancing to the accompaniment of bamboo buzzers 2. Pagdiwata A dance – ritual of the Tagbanua tribe of Palawan. It’s a dance of thanksgiving and appeal for continued protection. 3. Itik-itik. This native dance initiates the playfulness of ducklings wading in the river 4. PandanggosaIlaw Originating from Mindoro, this dance shows the exquisite skill in dancing while balancing lighted candles on the head and on the hands. 5. Tinikling This dance imitates the “tikling, a long-legged bird, while hopping from one pole to another. 6. Polka sa Plaza A dance showing the superb terno of the Spanish women with matching parasols 7. Bilaan A dance from Cotabato portraying the lively simple movement of bird in flight. B. SOCIAL OR BALLROOM DANCES Coupled dance emerged in the 15th century Europe in a variety of vigorous adaptations and refinements of folk dance developed by the dancing masters of the time These new dances are gay and lively in character and was developed first as a social diversion among the aristocracy of France and Italy Later on it expand to become, in the later centuries, part of the social life of the emerging middle class as well The dance steps are improvisatory that the dancers can modify or create their own dance steps to show creativity, agility and dexterity in movements. 1. Cha Cha The Cha Cha is a lively, flirtatious ballroom dance full of passion and energy. The classic "Cuban motion" gives the Cha Cha its unique style. Partners work together to synchronize each movement in perfect alignment. 2. Foxtrot The Foxtrot is a ballroom dance that is lots of fun and simple to learn...an excellent dance for beginners. The Foxtrot is a smooth dance in which dancers make long, flowing movements across the floor. 3. Jive Jive is a ballroom dance style that originated in the United States from African-Americans. It is a lively form of Swing dance, and a variation of the Jitterbug. 4. Lindy Hop The Lindy Hop is the ballroom dance considered to be the father of all Swing dances. It is known for its unique, athletic style, and often contains aerial jumps, twists and flips. 5. Mambo The Mambo is one of the most sensual and emotional Latin American ballroom dances. Swaying hip movements, facial expressions, arm movements and holds all add to the sensuality of the dance. 6. Paso Doble The Paso Doble is one of the liveliest ballroom dances, originating in southern France. It is modeled after the sound, drama, and movement of the Spanish bullfight. 7. Quickstep The Quickstep is a quick version of the Foxtrot. It is a ballroom dance comprised of extremely quick stepping, syncopated feet rhythms, and runs of quick steps. The Quickstep is exciting to watch, but among the most difficult of all the ballroom dances. 8. Rumba The Rumba is considered by many to be the most romantic and sensual of all Latin ballroom dances. It is often referred to as the "Grandfather of the Latin dances." 9. Samba Possibly the most popular of all Brazilian ballroom dancer, the Samba is popular with young people as well as older generations. The Samba can be performed solo or with a partner. 10. Tango The Tango is one of the most fascinating of all ballroom dances. This sensual ballroom dance originated in South America in the early twentieth century. 11. Viennese Waltz The Viennese Waltz is a quick rotating ballroom dance with a subtle rise and fall. It is considered by most to be one of the most difficult dances to learn. The simple and elegant rotational movement characterizes the Viennese Waltz. 12. Waltz The Waltz is one of the smoothest ballroom dances. It is a progressive dance marked by long, flowing movements, continuous turns, and "rise and fall." The dance is so graceful and elegant; Waltz dancers appear to glide around the floor with almost no effort. Waltz (1750 – 1900) When danced with its gliding turns, brought a new intimacy to social dance Pavane and Sarabande Were rivals of the gilliards Contadance and Quadrille Completed effectively with the minuet Polka and Mazurka Challenged the supremacy of the waltz 19th Century Social dance developed in the United States African – American Influence in jazz dominated in the 1920’s with the shimmy Charlestone A form of the jitterbug 1930’s Incorporated Latin America rhythm with the • Rumba • Conga • Samba Mid 1950 The dramatic emergence of Rock ‘n Roll changed popular music Disco dancing Of the 1970’s returned to couples together executing often complex choreographed dance moves Break Dancing – Streetdancing That combined acrobatic and martial arts movements achieved popularity in the 1980 Lambada Became a craze in 1990 C. BALLET Is a dance system based on a set of classic, fundamental principles of movement and training that govern every aspect of its form and technique This ballet is much formalized type of dance performed by trained dancers. This type of dancing was developed during the middle Ages at the royal courts where it was a spectacle in addition to the lavish costumes, sceneries, musical accompaniments and superb movements. Ballet experiences exceptional skill and training. Most ballet dancers start while still young to allow flexibility in muscle development. French ballet Ballet originated in Italy, in the princely courts of the 15th century In 1581 the Ballet Comique de la Reine Was produced at the court of King Henry II and Queen Catherine deMedicis of France It was the first production to combine dancing, music and acting around a central theme It stimulated the dedication of the French Kings to ballet, intensified during the successive reigns of Louis XIII and Louis XIV, when the ballet de cour (court ballet) came into being and quickly dominated all European royal and ducal courts Louis XIV Become the most potent single influence in the development of ballet when he established Academic Royale de Dance in 1661 The Academic Royale de Musique 1669 Survives today as the Paris Opera During the period from 1750 – 1800 The age of the great choreographer and theorist Gean Georges Noverre, the ballet d’ action which sought narrative coherence was introduced 1830 Ballet had entered a new phase – romantic ballet It was also during this phase that a wealthy new middle class came into prominence in France and the ballet began to appeal to a larger audience Romantic ballet Reached its height in 1841 with the production of Giselle at the Paris opera – a ballet totally unified in theme, choreography, music and narrative Female dancer of the romantic period Assumed the dominant role of ballerinas which enthralled ballet audiences for generations Russian ballet The Imperial School of ballet was founded in Saint Petersburg (then Leningrad) in 1738 but did not receive official patronage until 1766, when Catherine II established the directorate of imperial theaters, roughly a century after Louis XIV had established the Paris Opera The most brilliant impresario of Russian ballet was Sergei Diaghilev, who formed the international Ballets Russes de Serfei Diaghilev. Its debut in paris, on May 19, 1909 changed the course of ballet history World ballet The United States, Great Britain with its Royal Ballet and the USSR, with Bolshoi Ballet in Moscow and the Kirov ballet in Leningrad, have the best known companies and the largest audiences. But then are important ballet companies throughout the world that continue to re – create the classics while being enriched by contemporary repertoire D. MODERN / CONTEMPORARY DANCES These are violent reactions to the elite and strict rules of the ballet and other formal dances. Modern dances follow no specific rules but are dances that are solely for fun and fashion. This includes break dance, rap dancing, and disco dancing.
Posted on: Fri, 06 Sep 2013 10:17:53 +0000
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