Chapter 3 Vocab Cell Theory-Fundamental organizing principle of biology states that 1. A cell is the smallest unit of life, 2. Cells make up all living things, from unicellular to multicellular organisms, 3. New cells arise from pre-existing cells Prokaryotic Cell- a cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles Organelle- a component within a cell that carries out specific functions Eukaryotic Cell- a cell within a nucleus and extensive internal membranes that divide it into many compartments Surface-to-volume ratio- the physical relationship that dictates that increases in the volume of a cell occur faster than creases in its surface area Plasma membrane-the thing outer boundary of a cell that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell Extracellular fluid- the watery solution outside cells Cytoplasm- the part of a cell that includes the aqueous fluid within the cell and all the organelles with the exception of the nucleus Fluid mosaic- a term to describe the structure of the plasma membrane Selectively permeable- a characteristic of the plasma membrane because, it permits some substances to move across and denies access to others Cell adhesion molecule (CAM) - a molecule that pokes through the plasma membranes of most cells and helps hold cells together to form tissues and organs Simple diffusion- the spontaneous movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration Concentration gradient-a difference in the number of molecules or ions between two adjacent regions Facilitated diffusion- the movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration with the aid of a membrane protein that either transports the substance from one side of the membrane to the other or forms a channel through which it can move Osmosis- a special case of diffusion in which water moves across the plasma membrane or any other selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower concentration of solute to a region of higher concentration of solute Hypertonic solution- a solution with a lower concentration of solute than plasma for example Isotonic solution- a solution with the same concentration of solute as plasma, for example Hypotonic solution- a solution with a lower concentration of solutes than plasma
Posted on: Tue, 27 Aug 2013 13:41:07 +0000
Trending Topics
Recently Viewed Topics
© 2015