Clathrate Hydrate A hydrate is a physical combination of water and other small molecules to produce a solid which has an “ice-like” appearance but possesses a different structure than ice. Their formation in gas and/or NGL systems can plug pipelines, equipment, and instruments, restricting or interrupting flow. There are three recognized crystalline structures for such hydrates. In both, water molecules build the lattice and hydrocarbons, nitrogen, CO2 and H2S occupy the cavities. Smaller molecules (CH4, C2H6, CO2, H2S) stabilize a body-centered cubic called Structure I. Larger molecules (C3H8, i-C4H10, n- C4H10) form a diamond-lattice called Structure II. Normal paraffin molecules larger than n-C4H10 do not form Structure I and II hydrates as they are too large to stabilize the lattice. However, some isoparaffins and cycloalkanes larger than pentane are known to form Structure H hydrates Admin P.Wagih
Posted on: Mon, 27 Jan 2014 09:30:07 +0000
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