Commented excerpts from A Short History of Ireland by John OBeirne Ranelagh, Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed., 1994 3. From Tudors to Cromwell - Religious orders arrived at the time of Norman invasions: Cistercians, Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians - 1450 1st clear statement of Irish independence: Norman-Irish, not Gaelic parliament yet reflecting the Irish perception - Henry VIII: Eire untapped resource - 1534 Silken Thomas FitzGerald, Lord Offaly, rebels against Henry VIII sending for aid to Pope Paul III at the very moment Henry VIII had broken with the Church, hereby establishing what was to become the traditional pattern of Irish nationalism: Englands difficulty -> Eires opportunity (please also see the Scottish Referendum for Independence of 18 September 2014), Englands enemies -> Eires friends. Henry VIIIs breach with Rome marks the beginning of the international element in irish nationalism - 1541 The Irish Parliament establishes Henry VIII as King of Eire. From that time on to the present day, the English monarchs claim their title as of right that is endorsed by the Irish parliament - 1521 The Lieutenant, Earl of Surrey, suggests plantation by replacing disloyal Irishmen with loyal English colonists, effective under Mary Tudor (1516-1558) - 1536 Irish Reformation Parliament: English Order, habit & Language. Gaelic language/dress prohibited. Brehons & Gaelic poets/harpists banned. Intermarriage forbidden. - 1592 Queen Elizabeth I establishes Eires 1st university - Trinity College (Dublin) - 1595 Hugh ONeill rebellion: 1st time since Rory OConnor for a national irish resistance 1598 Hugh ONeill becomes Prince of Eire - 23 March 1603 (one day before Queen Elizabeth I died) Ulster, last unconquered province, thrown open to English rule - 4 September 1607 Flight of the Earls Hugh ONeill & Rory ODonnell set sail from Rathmullan, Co. Donegal. A despairing determination of Irishmen to never accept defeat at the hands of Britain. Ford the next 200 years, irish exiles keep the flame for Irish independence alight at home. If Irishmen to not abide by British laws/custom, their future is limited. - The lands of the Earls are seized by the Crown: 1608 new counties Armagh, Cavan, Coleraine (later Derry), Donegal, Fermanagh, Tyrone. Counties Down & Antrim are settled privately. That London is dropped to just the name of Derry reflects the Irish nationalist sentiment opposed to Londons theft of their town - 1613 Catholicism envisages a free Eire. Irish Parliament: Brehon laws abolished. Successors in the 18th cventury: hedge schools secretly teaching history, tradtions, & tales. - August 1633 Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford: Eire could produce much greater revenue for the Crown. The whole province of Connaught is claimed. - 1634 1st time Roman-Catholic students at Trinity College asked to take the Oath of Supremacy (of the English over the Irish) - 1639 Scottish Protestans in ulster forced to take the Black Oath swearing allegiance to the King. Now Eire is broadly united against the government. - 23 October 1641 An all-Eire revolt is planned, betrayed on the eve of its commencement. - May 1642 Confederation of Kilkenny is formed - October 1642 Irish Parliament assembly: Owen Roe ONeill (Hughs nephew) controls the whole country apart from Dublin, parts of Ulster and a few towns. - 15 August 1649 - May 1650 Oliver Cromwells campaigns - 2 March 1653 The British Parliament votes the Union of Eire with Britain - May 1654 Cromwellian plantations: to Hell or to Connaught (to be continued)
Posted on: Sat, 05 Jul 2014 14:07:16 +0000
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