Counterintelligence, counterterror and government Many governments organize counterintelligence agencies separate and distinct from their intelligence collection services for specialized purposes. In most countries the counterintelligence mission is spread over multiple organizations, though one usually predominates. There is usually a domestic counterintelligence service, usually part of a larger law enforcement organization such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation in the United States. The United Kingdom has the separate Security Service, also known as MI5, which does not have direct police powers but works closely with law enforcement called Special Branch that can carry out arrests, do searches with a warrant, etc. The Russian Federations major domestic security organization is the FSB, which principally came from the Second Chief Directorate and Third Chief Directorate of the USSRs KGB. Canada separates the functions of general defensive counterintelligence (contre-ingérence), security intelligence (the intelligence preparation necessary to conduct offensive counterintelligence), law enforcement intelligence, and offensive counterintelligence. Military organizations have their own counterintelligence forces, capable of conducting protective operations both at home and when deployed abroad. Depending on the country, there can be various mixtures of civilian and military in foreign operations. For example, while offensive counterintelligence is a mission of the US CIAs National Clandestine Service, defensive counterintelligence is a mission of the U.S. Diplomatic Security Service (DSS), Department of State, who work on protective security for personnel and information processed abroad at US Embassies and Consulates.[3] The term counter-espionage is really specific to countering HUMINT, but, since virtually all offensive counterintelligence involves exploiting human sources, the term offensive counterintelligence is used here to avoid some ambiguous phrasing. In the United States, there is a very careful line drawn between intelligence and law enforcement. In the United Kingdom, there is a distinction between the Security Service (MI5) and the Special Branch of the Metropolitan Police (Scotland Yard). Other countries also deal with the proper organization of defenses against FIS, often with separate services with no common authority below the head of government. France, for example, builds its domestic counterterror in a law enforcement framework. In France, a senior anti-terror magistrate is in charge of defense against terrorism. French magistrates have multiple functions that overlap US and UK functions of investigators, prosecutors, and judges. An anti-terror magistrate may call upon Frances domestic intelligence service Direction de la surveillance du territoire (DST), which may work with the Direction générale de la sécurité extérieure (DGSE), foreign intelligence service. Spain gives its Interior Ministry, with military support, the leadership in domestic counterterrorism. For international threats, the National Intelligence Center (CNI) has responsibility. CNI, which reports directly to the Prime Minister, is staffed principally by which is subordinated directly to the Prime Minister’s office. After the March 11, 2004 Madrid train bombings, the national investigation found problems between the Interior Ministry and CNI, and. as a result, the National Anti-Terrorism Coordination Center was created. Spains 3/11 Commission called for this Center to do operational coordination as well as information collection and dissemination.[4] The military has organic counterintelligence to meet specific military needs. Collective counterintelligence: gaining information about an opponent’s intelligence collection capabilities that might be aimed at an entity. Defensive counterintelligence: thwarting efforts by hostile intelligence services to penetrate the service. Offensive counterintelligence: having identified an opponent’s efforts against the system, trying to manipulate these attacks either by “turning” the opponent’s agents into double agents or by feeding them false information they will report home. In modern practice, several missions are associated with counterintelligence from the national to the field level. 1.Defensive analysis is the practice of looking for vulnerabilities in ones own organization, and, with due regard for risk versus benefit, closing the discovered holes. 2.Offensive Counterespionage is the set of techniques that, at a minimum, neutralizes discovered FIS personnel and arrests them or, in the case of diplomats, expels them by declaring them persona non grata. Beyond that minimum, it exploits FIS personnel to gain intelligence for ones own side, or actively manipulates the FIS personnel to damage the hostile FIS organization. 3.Counterintelligence Force Protection Source Operations (CFSO) are human source operations, conducted abroad that are intended to fill the existing gap in national level coverage in protecting a field station or force from terrorism and espionage.
Posted on: Wed, 17 Sep 2014 19:49:23 +0000
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