DENGUE/DHF UPDATE (39) - AMERICAS, ASIA, PACIFIC, AFRICA, EUROPE **************************************************************** A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases In this update: [1] Dengue - South Pacific: dynamics [2] Dengue - Tanzania [3] Cases in various countries Americas --- Central America --- El Salvador (national) Honduras (national) Panama (Panama City metropolitan area) Caribbean --- Cuba (Cienfuegos province) South America --- Brazil (Campinas, Sao Paulo state) Ecuador (Esmeraldas province) Venezuela (national) Asia --- Singapore (national) Sri Lanka (national) Pacific --- Australia (Charters Towers, Queensland state) Tuvalu (national) Europe ex Caribbean --- France (national) ****** [1] Dengue dynamics, South Pacific Date: Tue 27 May 2014 Source: Healio Infectious Diseases [edited] [This report summarizes a report by VM Cao-Lormeau published in Emerging Infectious Diseases 2014; 20(6): 1034-6] The 2013 reappearance of the dengue virus type 3 in the South Pacific islands suggests that birth and immigration rates in this region may promote the recurrence of epidemics every 4-5 years, according to recent findings. In the study, researchers investigated an outbreak of the dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3) at the National Referral Hospital in Honiara, Solomon Islands, in January 2013, after an 18-year absence. By July 2013, more than 6000 suspected cases and 7 deaths were reported. After screening serum samples from 3141 patients for DENV nonstructural protein (NS1) and immunoglobulin M against DENV, the researchers found that 1220 (39 per cent) of the samples tested positive. Reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed NS1 positivity in 10 additional samples. In March 2013, DENV-3 also was reported in French Polynesia in 2 family members. One of these family members had recently traveled to Cayenne, French Guiana, and returned with a fever. By July 2013, French Polynesia had 1326 suspected cases of dengue, of which 258 were confirmed by lab testing. Serotype testing identified 170 DENV-1 infections, 73 DENV-3 infections and one case of coinfection with both serotypes. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Solomon Islands outbreak was the result of the introduction of a strain from Indonesia. This strain might have been circulating in Papua, New Guinea, for 4-5 years and went unidentified. Prior reappearance of DENV-4 into the Pacific Islands may have originated with the introduction of a strain from India into the Solomon Islands. Conversely, the researchers found that based on epidemiologic and phylogenetic evidence, the outbreak of DENV-3 infection in French Polynesia was due to a strain carried from South America. Before 1990, most outbreaks of DENV in the South Pacific were transmitted from Latin America. However, the current study determined that since that time, Southeast Asia is the main source of outbreaks. According to the researchers, births and immigration rates (1.2 per cent and 1.1 per cent, respectively in French Polynesia in 2010) in these regions offered enough susceptible hosts to generate a DENV epidemic every 4-5 years and for one of the DENV serotypes to re-emerge every 12-15 years. Moreover, the finding that recent DENV-3 outbreaks were caused by multiple genotypes supports observations made during outbreaks of DENV-1 infection in 2001-2004, the researchers wrote. These observations also suggest that the principal determinant of DENV reemergence in the South Pacific Islands is herd immunity, rather than the genotype of DENV being introduced. -- Communicated by: ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts [This report illustrates the dynamic situation related to dengue virus susceptibility in the Pacific. Going forward, it will be interesting to see if dengue virus outbreak occur with the temporal cycles predicted. The introduction of DENV-3 into French Polynesia in 2013 from French Guiana underscores the importance of long-distance travel in the dissemination of dengue viruses. - Mod.TY] ****** [2] Dengue - Tanzania: (Dar es Salaam) Date: Wed 28 May 2014 Source: WHO/AFRO, Epidemic & Pandemic Alert and Response (EPR), Outbreak News [edited] Dengue outbreak in the United Republic of Tanzania (situation as of 30 May 2014) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- This is an update on the confirmed dengue fever outbreak notified to the World Health Organization by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoH&SW) on 4 Feb 2014. As at 30 May 2014, the dengue fever outbreak has spread to 7 regions on the mainland and 2 regions in Zanzibar. The geographical distribution of cases and deaths is as follows: mainland (1017 confirmed cases out of a total of 2121 suspected cases including 4 deaths) and Zanzibar (1 confirmed case out of 8 suspected cases, and no deaths). 99 per cent of the cases of the mainland were reported from the following 3 districts of Dar es Salaam: Kinondoni, Temeke, and Ilala. Of the 4 deceased cases, 1 had presented with dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and 1 with multiple organ failure. Dengue fever response --------------------- The Dengue Fever Response Task force established by the Ministry of Health continues to hold its regular meetings to review the current situation and propose additional preventive and control measures. The following measures are currently being implemented with support from WHO and partners: advocacy for resources to implement all activities described in the dengue fever response plan; enhancement of surveillance; training of health care workers and laboratory staff on the management of dengue cases and diagnostic, confirmation, and monitoring of dengue fever and integrated vector management. A 2nd press statement on the dengue fever outbreak situation in the country was issued by the Government on 12 May 2014. WHO continues to provide guidance to the MoH&SW mainland and MOH Zanzibar through among others, deployment of experts in the areas of epidemiology/surveillance, vector control, and provision of rapid diagnostic kits. Based on the current information available for this event, WHO, does not recommend that any travel or trade restrictions be applied to the United Republic of Tanzania, both mainland and Zanzibar. -- Communicated by: ProMED-EAFR [Further to earlier updates issued on this emergency [ProMED-EAFR posts 20140514.410491 and 20140529.413539], this report shows that the dengue fever outbreak in the United Republic of Tanzania has spread to at least 7 regions on the mainland and 2 regions in Zanzibar. With support from the WHO and partners, the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare has rolled out comprehensive interventions to curb the raging outbreak. A map showing the regions of Tanzania can be accessed at , and the HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of the country can be accessed at . - Mod.JFW] ****** [3] Cases in various countries Americas --- Central America --- El Salvador (national). 28 May 2014. Dengue 3962 cases. [in Spanish] [Maps of El Salvador can be accessed at and . - Mod.TY] Honduras (national). 28 May 2014. Dengue in 1st 5 months of 2014, 3800 cases; DHF/serious 500. [in Spanish] [Maps of Honduras can be accessed at and . - Mod.TY] Panama (Panama City metropolitan area). 26 May 2014. Dengue in 1st 5 months of 2014, 3707 cases; DHF/serious 17 cases; deaths 8. [in Spanish] [The 29 May 2014 edition of Dia a Dia ( in Spanish) reported that there have been 850 dengue cases in San Miguelito district. Maps of Panama can be accessed at and . - Mod.TY] Caribbean --- Cuba (Cienfuegos province). 31 May 2013. Dengue October 2013-22 May 2014, 3500 cases. [in Spanish] Maps of Cuba can be accessed at and . - Mod.TY] South America --- Brazil (Campinas, Sao Paulo state). Dengue 32 384 cases, a record epidemic; deaths (conf.) 3, (under investigation) 3. Efforts underway to clean up vector mosquito breeding sites before the 2014 FIFA World Cup games begin in the city. Maps of Brazil can be accessed at and . - Mod.TY] Ecuador (Esmeraldas province). 28 May 2014. Dengue 331 cases. [in Spanish] [Maps of Ecuador can be accessed at and . - Mod.TY] Venezuela (national). 26 May 2014. Dengue 22 000 cases. Health alert declared. [Maps of Venezuela can be accessed at and . - Mod.TY] Asia --- Singapore (national). 28 May 2014. Dengue in past week 437 cases, previous week 292 cases. [Maps of Singapore can be accessed at and . - Mod.TY] Sri Lanka (national). 1 Jun 2014. Dengue 10 923 cases; deaths 17 in May 2014 in the Kalubowila Hospital. Red alert issued. Localities most affected: Colombo, Kalutara, and Gampaha districts in the Western Province. [Maps of Sri Lanka can be accessed at and . - Mod.TY] Pacific --- Australia (Charters Towers, Queensland state). 27 May 2014. Dengue (susp.) 10 cases, (conf.) 6 cases. [A map showing the location of Charters Towers in north Queensland can be accessed at . A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at . - Mod.TY] Tuvalu (national). 29 May 2014. Dengue (susp.) 176 cases, (conf.) 69 cases. [This is the 1st time that ProMED has received a report of dengue cases in Tuvalu. The population of 10 837 inhabitants makes Tuvalu the 3rd-least populous sovereign state in the world with a physical land size of just 26 sq km (10 sq mi). Maps showing the location of Tuvalu can be accessed at and . - Mod.TY] Europe ex Caribbean --- France (national). 26 May 2014. Dengue imported cases by region: 1-23 May 2014, 15 cases. Cases by region: - Provence-Alpes-Cote dAzur: 9 cases - Languedoc-Roussillon: 1 case - Midi-Pyrenees: 2 cases - Rhone-Alpes: 3 cases [Southern France has populations of _Aedes albopictus_, competent dengue virus vectors, so the need for active surveillance is real. Maps of France can be accessed at and . - Mod.TY] -- Communicated by: ProMED-mail [See Also: Dengue/DHF update (38): Americas, Asia, Pacific, Africa 20140527.2502090 Dengue/DHF update (37): Americas, Asia, Pacific 20140520.2485827 Dengue/DHF update (36): Americas, Asia, Africa 20140515.2475763 Dengue/DHF update (34): Asia, Africa 20140428.2434108 Dengue/DHF update (33): Americas 20140428.2434107 Dengue/DHF update (32): Asia, Pacific, Africa 20140421.2417928 Dengue/DHF update (25): Asia, Africa, Indian Ocean 20140324.2353026 Dengue/DHF update (01): Americas 20140106.2154935 2013 ---- Dengue/DHF update (100): Asia, Europe (France) 20131209.2101186 Dengue/DHF update (59): Americas 20130722.1837892 1995 ---- PROMED: Re: Dengue - Cook Is. & S.Pacific 19950616.0417]
Posted on: Tue, 03 Jun 2014 19:25:08 +0000