Dear Administrator McCarthy, Honey bees, native bees and other pollinators are responsible for one out of every three bites of food we eat. Bees pollinate 71 of the 100 crops that make up 90 percent of the world’s food supply. Many fruits and vegetables, including apples, blueberries, strawberries, carrots and broccoli, as well as almonds and coffee, rely on bees. These beneficial insects are critical in maintaining our diverse food supply. Honey bee populations have been in alarming decline since 2006. Widespread use of a new class of toxic pesticides, neonicotinoids, is a significant contributing factor. In addition to killing bees outright, research has shown that even low levels of these dangerous pesticides impair bees ability to learn, to find their way back to the hive, to collect food, to produce new queens, and to mount an effective immune response. This week, 15 countries are imposing a two-year restriction on the use of several of these chemicals. As you know, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates it will be 2018, five years from now, before it makes a decision on this deadly class of pesticides. Our decision has already been made. The EPA must act sooner! We request an immediate moratorium on the use of neonicotinoid pesticides. Bees cant wait five more years – they are dying now. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has the power and responsibility to protect our pollinators. Our nations food system depends on it. Here are some other reasons to Act Now! People are in danger: neurology.org/content/82/5/419.short Pesticides Linked to Parkinsons Risk in People with Specific Gene. Several studies have linked pesticides with the development of Parkinsons disease, and now a new study has found a specific gene that may explain why some people are particularly susceptible to developing Parkinsons after exposure to certain pesticides. We should be much more careful in our industrial agriculture with the agents were putting out in the environment, said study author Dr. Beate Ritz, a professor of epidemiology at University of California, Los Angeles and co-director of the schools Center for Gene-Environment Studies in Parkinsons Disease. All of this is environmental exposure, not occupational exposure. It can be quite harmful. the study had two goals: to find out which genes might be involved in the nerve death that results in Parkinsons, and to see if there was a variant of that gene that could be found in people exposed to pesticides who developed Parkinsons. Overall the researchers found four pesticides that appear to trigger an effect on enzymes called neuronal aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), which are involved in processing the brain chemical dopamine. The researchers then looked at exposure to those four pesticides in a group of 360 people with Parkinsons who lived in central California, and a control group of 953 people who lived in the same area and had similar pesticide exposures but had not developed Parkinson’s. They found that pesticide exposure increased the risk of Parkinson’s, and the risk was further increased among people with a variant of the ALDH2 gene. One important part of the study, Ritz said, was that the researchers had maps of pesticide use from the past 40 years available because of California laws requiring that pesticide use be reported. It would be difficult or impossible to repeat the study in another state, she said. Going forward, there are two approaches to take, Ritz said. One is that certain pesticides may need to be further scrutinized or banned because of their potential harm, she said. Another step that should be taken is to see whether a treatment can be created to reduce the susceptibility of certain people to Parkinsons if they have the gene variant. beyondpesticides.org/dailynewsblog/?p=12746 greenmedinfo/blog/roundup-weedkiller-found-75-air-and-rain-samples-gov-study-finds Roundup Weedkiller Linked To Global Epidemic of Fatal Kidney Disease: wesupportorganic/2014/02/roundup-weedkiller-linked-to-global-epidemic-of-fatal-kidney-disease.html And this: New Study Links Roundup Weedkiller to Cancer Growth. wesupportorganic/2013/11/new-study-links-roundup-weedkiller-to.html A new report from the EU states that neonicotinoids, a relatively new nicotine-derived class of pesticide, may affect the developing human nervous system of children. Learn more: orgcns.org/19oL0Oz Besides being linked to cancer and birth defects in humans, 2,4-D, is also toxic to honeybees, as you probably already know. Scientists report that over time, it severely impairs their ability to reproduce. Learn more: orgcns.org/MkOOLW Amphibians are at an incredible risk: Independent peer reviewed studies have found that GLYPHOSATE based herbicides adversely impact 29 species of amphibians. This leads us to ask: What about the species they didnt test.... as well as us homo sapiens? For your reading pleasure, here are links to the science that backs this up: Amphibians adversely impacted by glyphosate based herbicides at environmentally relevant levels: 1. Northwestern salamander (Ambystoma gracile) King, Jeffery J., and R. Steven Wagner. (2010) Toxic Effects of the Herbicide Roundup® Regular on Pacific Northwestern Amphibians. Northwestern Naturalist 91, no. 3 (12/01): 318-24. bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1898/NWN09-25.1 Relyea R.A. & Jones D.K. (2009) The toxicity of Roundup Original Max to 13 species of larval amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem, 28(9):2004-8. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405783 2. Blue-spotted salamander (Ambystoma laterale) Relyea R.A. & Jones D.K. (2009) The toxicity of Roundup Original Max to 13 species of larval amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem, 28(9):2004-8. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405783 3. Long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) King, Jeffery J., and R. Steven Wagner. (2010) Toxic Effects of the Herbicide Roundup® Regular on Pacific Northwestern Amphibians. Northwestern Naturalist 91, no. 3 (12/01): 318-24. bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1898/NWN09-25.1 4. Spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) Relyea R.A. & Jones D.K. (2009) The toxicity of Roundup Original Max to 13 species of larval amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem, 28(9):2004-8. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405783 5.Western toad (Anaxyrus boreas) King, Jeffery J., and R. Steven Wagner. (2010) Toxic Effects of the Herbicide Roundup® Regular on Pacific Northwestern Amphibians. Northwestern Naturalist 91, no. 3 (12/01): 318-24. bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1898/NWN09-25.1 Relyea R.A. & Jones D.K. (2009) The toxicity of Roundup Original Max to 13 species of larval amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem, 28(9):2004-8. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405783 6. American toad (Bufo americanus) Edginton, A. N., P. M. Sheridan, G. R. Stephenson, D. G. Thompson, and H. J. Boermans. (2004) Comparative Effects of Ph and Vision (R) Herbicide on Two Life Stages of Four Anuran Amphibian Species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23, no. 4 Apr: 815-22. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15095875 Relyea, R. A. (2005) The Lethal Impacts of Roundup and Predatory Stress on Six Species of North American Tadpoles. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 48, no. 3 (Apr): 351-57. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15886853 Relyea R.A. & Jones D.K. (2009) The toxicity of Roundup Original Max to 13 species of larval amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem, 28(9):2004-8. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405783 Relyea R.A., Schoeppne rN.M., Hoverman J.T. (2005) Pesticides and amphibians : the importance of community context. Ecological Applications 15:11251134. mendeley/catalog/pesticides-amphibians-importance-community-context/ Relyea, R.A. (2005) The lethal impact of Roundup on aquatic and terrestrial amphibians. Ecological Applications, 15(4):11181124. usf.usfca.edu/fac_staff/dever/roundup_paper.pdf Relyea, Rick A. New Effects of Roundup on Amphibians: Predators Reduce Herbicide Mortality; Herbicides Induce Antipredator Morphology. Ecological Applications 22, no. 2 (03/01 2012): 634-47. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22611860* 7. Asiatic toad (Bufo Gargarizans) Xiao, Y.H., S.Q. Zhu, X.H. Li, and P. Jiang. (2007) Influences of the Herbicide Glyphosate-Isopropylammonium Solution on Heart Activities of Bufo Gargarizans. Acta Zoologica Sinica 53 (4) : 668-673. 53, no. 4 (2007): 668-73. currentzoology.org/paperdetail.asp?id=6633 8. Asian Common Toad (Bufo Melanostictus) Jayawardena, U. A., A. N. Navaratne, P. H. Amerasinghe, and R. S. Rajakaruna. (2011) Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Four Commonly Used Agricultural Pesticides on the Asian Common Toad, Bufo Melanostictus Schneider. Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka 39, no. 3 (Sep): 267-76. sljol.info/index.php/JNSFSL/article/view/3631 9. Woodhouses toad (Bufo woodhousii fowleri) Relyea, R.A. (2005) The lethal impact of Roundup on aquatic and terrestrial amphibians. Ecological Applications, 15(4):11181124. usf.usfca.edu/fac_staff/dever/roundup_paper.pdf 10. Indian skittering frog (Euflictis cyanophlyctis) tadpoles Sushama Singh Yadav, Sarbani Giri, Utsab Singha, Freeman Boro, Anirudha Giri. (2013) Toxic and genotoxic effects of Roundup on tadpoles of the Indian skittering frog (Euflictis cyanophlyctis) in the presence and absence of predator stress. Aquatic Toxicology 132-133, 1-8 sciencedirect/science/article/pii/S0166445X1300026X 11. Gray treefrogs (Hyla versicolor) Jones, D.K.; Hammond, J.I. & Relyea, R.A. (2010). Competitive stress can make the herbicide Roundup more deadly to larval amphibians. Environmental Toxicology andChemistry, 30, 446-454. onlinelibrary.wiley/doi/10.1002/etc.384/full Relyea, R. A. (2005) The Lethal Impacts of Roundup and Predatory Stress on Six Species of North American Tadpoles. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 48, no. 3 (Apr): 351-57. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15886853 Relyea R.A. & Jones D.K. (2009) The toxicity of Roundup Original Max to 13 species of larval amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem, 28(9):2004-8. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405783 Relyea R.A., Schoeppne rN.M., Hoverman J.T. (2005) Pesticides and amphibians : the importance of community context. Ecological Applications 15:11251134. mendeley/catalog/pesticides-amphibians-importance-community-context/ Relyea, R.A. (2005) The lethal impact of Roundup on aquatic and terrestrial amphibians. Ecological Applications, 15(4):11181124. usf.usfca.edu/fac_staff/dever/roundup_paper.pdf 12. Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeiana) tadpoles Costa, M. J., D. A. Monteiro, A. L. Oliveira-Neto, F. T. Rantin, and A. L. Kalinin. (2008) Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Heart Function in Bullfrog Tadpoles Exposed to Roundup Original (R). Ecotoxicology 17, no. 3 (Apr): 153-63. link.springer/article/10.1007%2Fs10646-007-0178-5 13. Red-spotted Newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) Relyea R.A. & Jones D.K. (2009) The toxicity of Roundup Original Max to 13 species of larval amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem, 28(9):2004-8. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405783 14. Hourglass tree frog (Polypedates crugiger ) Jayawardena, U.A.; Rajakaruna, R.S.; Navaratne, A.N. & Amerrasinghe, P.H. (2010). Toxicity of agrochemicals to common hourglass tree frog ( Polypedates crugiger ) in acute and chronic exposure. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 12, 641-648. fspublishers.org/ijab/past-issues/IJABVOL_12_NO_5/1.pdf 15. Spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) Relyea R.A. & Jones D.K. (2009) The toxicity of Roundup Original Max to 13 species of larval amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem, 28(9):2004-8. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405783 16. Pacific tree frog (Pseudacris regilla) King, Jeffery J., and R. Steven Wagner. (2010) Toxic Effects of the Herbicide Roundup® Regular on Pacific Northwestern Amphibians. Northwestern Naturalist 91, no. 3 (12/01): 318-24. bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1898/NWN09-25.1 17. Western chorus frog, (Pseudacris triseriata) Smith GR (2001) Effects of acute exposure to a commercial formulation of glyphosate on the tadpoles of two species of anurans. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 67:483–488 connection.ebscohost/c/articles/15245290/effects-acute-exposure-commercial-formulation-glyphosate-tadpoles-two-species-anurans Williams, B. K., and R. D. Semlitsch. (2010) Larval Responses of Three Midwestern Anurans to Chronic, Low-Dose Exposures of Four Herbicides. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 58 Sep 19: 819-27. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19768486 18. Rana aurora draytonii Relyea, Rick A. Amphibians Are Not Ready for Roundup. edited by John E. Elliott, Christine A. Bishop and Christy A. Morrissey. Emerging Topics in Ecotoxicology, 267-300: Springer New York, 2011. link.springer/chapter/10.1007%2F978-0-387-89432-4_9 19. Cascades frog (Rana cascadae) King, Jeffery J., and R. Steven Wagner. (2010) Toxic Effects of the Herbicide Roundup® Regular on Pacific Northwestern Amphibians. Northwestern Naturalist 91, no. 3 (12/01): 318-24. bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1898/NWN09-25.1 Relyea R.A. & Jones D.K. (2009) The toxicity of Roundup Original Max to 13 species of larval amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem, 28(9):2004-8. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405783 20. American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles Clements, C., Ralph, S. and Petras, M. (1997), Genotoxicity of select herbicides in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles using the alkaline single-cell gel DNA electrophoresis (comet) assay. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 29: 277–288. onlinelibrary.wiley/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1997)29:3%3C277::AID-EM8%3E3.0.CO;2-9/abstract Jones, D.K.; Hammond, J.I. & Relyea, R.A. (2010). Competitive stress can make the herbicide Roundup more deadly to larval amphibians. Environmental Toxicology andChemistry, 30, 446-454. onlinelibrary.wiley/doi/10.1002/etc.384/full Relyea, R. A. (2005) The Lethal Impacts of Roundup and Predatory Stress on Six Species of North American Tadpoles. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 48, no. 3 (Apr): 351-57. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15886853 Relyea R.A. & Jones D.K. (2009) The toxicity of Roundup Original Max to 13 species of larval amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem, 28(9):2004-8. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405783 21. Green frogs (Rana clamitans) Edginton, A. N., P. M. Sheridan, G. R. Stephenson, D. G. Thompson, and H. J. Boermans. (2004) Comparative Effects of Ph and Vision (R) Herbicide on Two Life Stages of Four Anuran Amphibian Species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23, no. 4 Apr: 815-22. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15095875 Jones, D.K.; Hammond, J.I. & Relyea, R.A. (2010). Competitive stress can make the herbicide Roundup more deadly to larval amphibians. Environmental Toxicology andChemistry, 30, 446-454. onlinelibrary.wiley/doi/10.1002/etc.384/full Relyea, R. A. (2005) The Lethal Impacts of Roundup and Predatory Stress on Six Species of North American Tadpoles. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 48, no. 3 (Apr): 351-57. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15886853 Relyea R.A. & Jones D.K. (2009) The toxicity of Roundup Original Max to 13 species of larval amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem, 28(9):2004-8. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405783 22. Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) King, Jeffery J., and R. Steven Wagner. (2010) Toxic Effects of the Herbicide Roundup® Regular on Pacific Northwestern Amphibians. Northwestern Naturalist 91, no. 3 (12/01): 318-24. bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1898/NWN09-25.1 23. Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) tadpoles Chen, C.Y.; Hathaway, K.M. & Folt, C.L. (2004). Multiple stress effects of Vision herbicide,pH, and food on zooplankton and larval amphibian species from forest wetland. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 23, 823-831 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15095876 Edginton, A. N., P. M. Sheridan, G. R. Stephenson, D. G. Thompson, and H. J. Boermans. (2004) Comparative Effects of Ph and Vision (R) Herbicide on Two Life Stages of Four Anuran Amphibian Species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23, no. 4 Apr: 815-22. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15095875 Howe, C.M.; Berrill, M.; Pauli, B.D.; Helbing, C.C.; Werry, K. & Veldhoen, N. (2004). Toxicity of glyphosate-based pesticides to four North American frog species. EnvironmentalToxicology and Chemistry, 23, 1928-1938. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15352482 Relyea, R. A. (2005) The Lethal Impacts of Roundup and Predatory Stress on Six Species of North American Tadpoles. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 48, no. 3 (Apr): 351-57. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15886853 Relyea R.A. & Jones D.K. (2009) The toxicity of Roundup Original Max to 13 species of larval amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem, 28(9):2004-8. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405783 Relyea R.A., Schoeppne rN.M., Hoverman J.T. (2005) Pesticides and amphibians : the importance of community context. Ecological Applications 15:11251134. mendeley/catalog/pesticides-amphibians-importance-community-context/ Relyea, R.A. (2005) The lethal impact of Roundup on aquatic and terrestrial amphibians. Ecological Applications, 15(4):11181124. usf.usfca.edu/fac_staff/dever/roundup_paper.pdf Relyea, Rick A. New Effects of Roundup on Amphibians: Predators Reduce Herbicide Mortality; Herbicides Induce Antipredator Morphology. Ecological Applications 22, no. 2 (03/01 2012): 634-47. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22611860 24. Wood Frog Tadpoles (Rana Sylvatica) Comstock, B. A., S. L. Sprinkle, and G. R. Smith. (2007) Acute Toxic Effects of Round-up Herbicide on Wood Frog Tadpoles (Rana Sylvatica). Journal of Freshwater Ecology 22, no. 4 (Dec): 705-08. tandfonline/doi/abs/10.1080/02705060.2007.9664831#preview Relyea, R. A. (2005) The Lethal Impacts of Roundup and Predatory Stress on Six Species of North American Tadpoles. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 48, no. 3 (Apr): 351-57. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15886853 Relyea R.A. & Jones D.K. (2009) The toxicity of Roundup Original Max to 13 species of larval amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem, 28(9):2004-8. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405783 Relyea, R.A. (2005) The lethal impact of Roundup on aquatic and terrestrial amphibians. Ecological Applications, 15(4):11181124. usf.usfca.edu/fac_staff/dever/roundup_paper.pdf Relyea, Rick A. New Effects of Roundup on Amphibians: Predators Reduce Herbicide Mortality; Herbicides Induce Antipredator Morphology. Ecological Applications 22, no. 2 (03/01 2012): 634-47. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22611860 25. Argentine Toad (Rhinella arenarum) tadpoles Lajmanovich, R.C.; Attademo, A.M.; Peltzer, P.M.; Junges, C.M. & Cabana, M.C. (2011).Toxicity of four herbicide formulations with glyphosate on Rhinella arenarum(Anura: Bufonidae) tadpoles: B-esterases and glutation-S-transferase inhibitors. Archives in Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 60, 681-689. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20669015 Rafael C. Lajmanovich, Celina M. Junges, Andrés M. Attademo, Paola M. Peltzer, Mariana C. Cabagna-Zenklusen, Agustín Basso (2013) Individual and Mixture Toxicity of Commercial Formulations Containing Glyphosate, Metsulfuron-Methyl, Bispyribac-Sodium, and Picloram on Rhinella arenarum Tadpoles Water, Air, & Soil Pollution February , 224:1404 link.springer/article/10.1007%2Fs11270-012-1404-1 26. Lesser Snouted Treefrog (Scinax nasicus) tadpoles R. C. Lajmanovich, M. T. Sandoval, P. M. Peltzer (2003) Induction of Mortality and Malformation in Scinax nasicus Tadpoles Exposed to Glyphosate Formulations Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology March , Volume 70, Issue 3, pp 0612-0618 link.springer/article/10.1007%2Fs00128-003-0029-x Lajmanovich, R.C.; Sandoval, M.T. & Peltzer, P.M. (2005). Induction of mortality and malformation in Scinax nasicus tadpoles exposed to glyphosate formulations. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 70, 612-618. link.springer/article/10.1007%2Fs00128-003-0029-x 27. Plains spadefoot toad (Spea Bombifrons) Dinehart, S. K., L. M. Smith, S. T. McMurry, P. N. Smith, T. A. Anderson, and D. A. Haukos. (2010) Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Roundup Weathermax (R) and Ignite (R) 280 Sl to Larval Spea Multiplicata and S. Bombifrons from the Southern High Plains, USA. Environmental Pollution 158, no. 8 Aug: 2610-17. sciencedirect/science/article/pii/S0269749110001843 28. New Mexico Spadefoot Toad (Spea Multiplicata) Dinehart, S. K., L. M. Smith, S. T. McMurry, P. N. Smith, T. A. Anderson, and D. A. Haukos. (2010) Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Roundup Weathermax (R) and Ignite (R) 280 Sl to Larval Spea Multiplicata and S. Bombifrons from the Southern High Plains, USA. Environmental Pollution 158, no. 8 Aug: 2610-17. sciencedirect/science/article/pii/S0269749110001843 29. African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) Edginton, A. N., P. M. Sheridan, G. R. Stephenson, D. G. Thompson, and H. J. Boermans. (2004) Comparative Effects of Ph and Vision (R) Herbicide on Two Life Stages of Four Anuran Amphibian Species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23, no. 4 Apr: 815-22. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15095875 Alejandra Paganelli , Victoria Gnazzo , Helena Acosta , Silvia L. López , and Andrés E. Carrasco (2010) Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Produce Teratogenic Effects on Vertebrates by Impairing Retinoic Acid Signaling Chem. Res. Toxicol., 23 (10), pp 1586–1595 pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/tx1001749 Toxic Effects of the Herbicide Roundup® Regular on Pacific Northwestern Amphibians bioone.org I would greatly appreciate a reply from you to see how youve processed all of this and to see what you are thinking. We must act now! Please support a ban on these chemicals!! Reply to my personal e-mail at [email protected]! Thank you very much for your time, Stay well and be safe :)
Posted on: Sun, 16 Mar 2014 18:30:01 +0000
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