Egypt nature of the system : a semi-presidential Republican . The nature of the ruling and title : president. Name Capital: Cairo . Geography Space : 1.00245 million square kilometers . Population: Approximately 91 million people. Geographical features and landmarks : Egypt is divided geographically into two main categories , as it is located in the north of Africa , and the Sinai Peninsula to the south -west Asia . And is divided into four natural regions : The first area : the Nile Delta region , an area of 33,000 square kilometers . Region II: the Sinai Peninsula , an area of 61,000 square kilometers . Region III : Eastern Desert , an area of 225,000 square kilometers . Region IV : Western Sahara , an area of 680,000 square kilometers . Partition, internal and places milestone consists Arab Republic of Egypt from twenty-seven conservative management : Alexandria Governorate , and its capital, Alexandria / Aswan and its capital, Aswan / Assiut Province and its capital conf / Lake County and its capital Damanhur / province of the sons of Joseph and its capital, the sons of Joseph / Cairo governorate and its capital, Cairo / province of Dakahlia and its capital Mansoura / Damietta governorate and its capital Damietta / Fayoum province and its capital Fayoum / Western Province and its capital, Tanta / Giza governorate capital Giza / Ismailia governorate and its capital Ismailia / province of Kafr el-Sheikh and its capital, Kafr El Sheikh / Matrouh Governorate and its capital Marsa Matrouh / province of Minya and its capital Minya / Menoufia Governorate and its capital Shebin Koum / province valley new capital outflows / North Sinai governorate and its capital Arish / Port Said governorate and its capital, Port Said / Qalyoubia province and its capital Banha / Qena province and its capital Qena / Red Sea governorate and its capital Hurghada / Eastern Province and its capital Zagazig / Sohag province and its capital Sohag / South Sinai Governorate The capital phase / Suez and Suez capital / province and its capital of Luxor Luxor. Community Nationalities : 99.4 % of the population of Egypt , Egyptian , and the rest of the population of other nationalities . Religions : Muslim faith make up 94 percent of Egypts population , and Christianity only 6% . Official Language: Arabic . Other languages : English is the official language of business . Special features of the language Location: divided the Arabic language in Egypt to several dialects and languages , including: Nubian Cushitic language , the language of the Nubians , and Siwan Amazigh language and the language of the Beja . The official religion : Islam . Other religions : Judaism , Christianity , Bahai and not a religious group . History Old Date : Egypt date back to more than three thousand years before the birth, which took place as the oldest civilization in human history . Divides the history of ancient Egypt to several eras : Pharaonic era : and it crystallized the principles of the state and the central government , when King Menes united the north and south within one kingdom . This is known as the Renaissance era as well, where the pharaohs invented hieroglyphics and founded the capital of Memphis . The evolution of art , agriculture and industry in this day and age and Egyptians used the first fleet Rivers - Berri to transfer their needs. Famous for the era of the Pharaohs Balthanit and building the pyramids . Greco / Ptolemaic : reign in Alexandria became a center of civilization , and excelled in the field of science , art and commerce . Held the first port on the Mediterranean . As well as the Ptolemies built palaces and gardens set up , and raised the Egyptian ancient Greek civilization was at the University of Alexandria and its library . Roman era : monopolized Egypt in the era of the Romans papermaking , glass, perfumes and weave linen fabrics , making it the largest shopping center in the eastern Mediterranean . Coptic era - Christian : Coptic architecture has emerged in which the old -fashioned Pharaonic , Coptic churches were built in the fifth century AD , and church music originated with a tendency Pharaonic , carrying melodies Pharaonic names , such as the melody Alsnjari . Islamic era : The Renaissance overall Imran and art , was built mosques and minarets and mosques , and built castles and forts , the most famous Citadel of Saladin . Spread the decorative arts and architecture, offering more in the Fatimid era , as the sons of Al-Azhar mosque , one of the flags of the Fatimid architecture . Contemporary history : Egypts modern history begins with a period of Muhammad Ali and his reforms , which included all aspects of life in Egypt , the Egyptian army and the establishment of military school and shipbuilding and the construction of dams and factories , leading to the Suez Canal on 18 March / March 1869 . Britain occupied Egypt in 1881 after the annexation of Khedive Ismail of Sudan to reign, and abounded in his debt , Fazelth Britain and appointed his son Tawfiq place. Egypt remained an Ottoman province until the start of the First World War and Britain declared protection of Egypt . In 1914 , Egypt announced a British protectorate , and this raised the sovereignty of the Ottoman Sultanate was established by the Egyptian Sultan Hussein Kamel was the first Sultans of Egypt . On February 28, 1922 , the Sultanate of Egypt turned to United Kingdom as a result of the 1919 revolution . In 1936 concluded a treaty for a period of twenty days between Egypt and Britain , abolished Egypt later and canceled the Convention on Governance duo to Sudan , and then began a war fighting commando , which lasted three months until the fire Cairo and the dismissal of another government ransom in the January 27, 1952 . In 1952, the officers turned on the rule of King Farouk and the Free Officers revolution broke out . The outcome of the departure of King Farouk of Egypt and the declaration of the Republic on June 18, 1953 . Appointed Leader of the Revolution Mohamed Naguib as president , followed by Gamal Abdel Nasser . United in the custody of Syria , Egypt and became the United Arab Republic , but disintegrated in 1961 . Between 1960-1970 , Gamal Abdel Nasser established the High Dam . On June 25, 1967 , Israel launched an attack on Egypt , Syria, Jordan , and occupied the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights and the West Bank of the Jordan River . On 6 October / October 1973 carried Egyptian and Syrian forces military operation simultaneously on Israeli forces to recover the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights . On 17 September / September 1978 President Anwar Sadat Camp David treaty with Israel to end the conflict in the Middle East and Israel withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula . On 6 October / October 1981 assassinated Anwar Sadat He turned referee Mohammed Hosni Mubarak, who stepped down from power as a result of the Egyptian revolution on February 11, 2011 , took over the presidency after him, Mohamed Morsi .
Posted on: Sat, 01 Feb 2014 13:11:36 +0000
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