FIVE YEAR PLANS OF INDIA Rolling Plan (1978–1980) The Janata Party government rejected the Fifth Five-Year Plan and introduced a new Sixth Five-Year Plan (1978-1983). This plan was again rejected by the Indian National Congress government in 1980 and a new Sixth Plan was made. Sixth Plan (1980–1985) 1. The Sixth Five-Year Plan marked the beginning of economic liberalisation. Price controls were eliminated and ration shops were closed. This led to an increase in food prices and an increase in the cost of living. This was the end of Nehruvian socialism. 2. Family planning was also expanded in order to prevent overpopulation. In contrast to Chinas strict and binding one-child policy, Indian policy did not rely on the threat of force. More prosperous areas of India adopted family planning more rapidly than less prosperous areas, which continued to have a high birth rate. 3. It was a great success to the Indian economy. The target growth rate was 5.2% and the actual growth rate was 5.4%. The only Five-Year Plan which was done twice. Seventh Plan (1985–1990) 1. The Seventh Five-Year Plan marked the comeback of the Congress Party to power. The main objectives of the Seventh Five-Year Plan were to establish growth in areas of increasing economic productivity, production of food grains, and generating employment. As an outcome of the Sixth Five-Year Plan, there had been steady growth in agriculture, controls on the rate of inflation, and favourable balance of payments which had provided a strong base for the Seventh Five-Year Plan to build on the need for further economic growth. 2. It had strived towards socialism and energy production at large. The thrust areas of the Seventh Five-Year Plan were: social justice, removal of oppression of the weak, using modern technology, agricultural development, anti-poverty programs, full supply of food, clothing, and shelter, increasing productivity of small- and large-scale farmers, and making India an independent economy. 3. It was focused on achieving the prerequisites of self-sustaining growth by the year 2000. The plan expected the labour force to grow by 39 million people and employment was expected to grow at the rate of 4% per year. 4. Under the Seventh Five-Year Plan, India strove to bring about a self-sustained economy in the country with valuable contributions from voluntary agencies and the general populace. The target growth rate was 5.0% and the actual growth rate was 6.01%. Annual Plans (1990-1992) The Eighth Plan could not take off in 1990 due to the fast changing political situation at the centre and the years 1990-91 and 1991-92 were treated as Annual Plans. The Eighth Plan was finally launched in 1992 after the initiation of structural adjustment policies. Eighth Plan (1992–1997) 1. 1989–91 was a period of economic instability in India and hence no five-year plan was implemented. Between 1990 and 1992, there were only Annual Plans. In 1991, India faced a crisis in foreign exchange reserves, left with reserves of only about US$1 billion. Thus, under pressure, the country took the risk of reforming the socialist economy. P.V. Narasimha Rao was the ninth Prime Minister of the Republic of India and head of Congress Party, and led one of the most important administrations in Indias modern history, overseeing a major economic transformation and several incidents affecting national security. At that time Dr. Manmohan Singh (former Prime Minister of India) launched Indias free market reforms that brought the nearly bankrupt nation back from the edge. It was the beginning of privatisation and liberalisation in India. 2. Modernization of industries was a major highlight of the Eighth Plan. Under this plan, the gradual opening of the Indian economy was undertaken to correct the burgeoning deficit and foreign debt. Meanwhile India became a member of the World Trade Organization on 1 January 1995. 3. This plan can be termed as, the Rao and Manmohan model of economic development. The major objectives included, controlling population growth, poverty reduction, employment generation, strengthening the infrastructure, institutional building, tourism management, human resource development, involvement of Panchayati rajs, Nagar Palikas, NGOs, decentralization and peoples participation. Energy was given priority with 26.6% of the outlay. An average annual growth rate of 6.78% against the target 5.6% was achieved. 4. To achieve the target of an average of 5.6% per annum, investment of 23.2% of the gross domestic product was required. The incremental capital ratio is 4.1. The saving for investment was to come from domestic sources and foreign sources, with the rate of domestic saving at 21.6% of gross domestic production and of foreign saving at 1.6% of gross domestic production. BOOKS AND AUTHORS Jungle Book : Rudyard Kipling Junglee Girl : Ginu Kamani Jai Somnath : K.M. Munsi Jurassic Park : Michael Crichton Julius Caesar : William Shakespeare King Lear : William Shakespeare Kenilworth : Sir Walter Scott Kubla Khan : Samuel Taylor Coleridge Kidnapped : Robert Louis Stevenson ABBREVIATIONS IDA : International Development Agency IOC : International Olympic Committee/ Indian Oil Corporation IIS : Indian Institute of Sciences ISM : Indian School of Mines ICBM : Inter Continental Ballistic Missile IFTU : International Federation of Trade Union IFFI : International Film Festival of India IMA : Indian Military Academy INS : Indian Naval Ship IRDP : Insurance Regulatory Development Authority NATURAL WORLD 1. The rare Indian pipe is a smooth, leafless, waxy, herbaceous plant. It is colourless because it has no chlorophyll. If it dries out, it turns black. The plant obtains food from decomposing organic matter. 2. The axolotl is a salamander found only in Lake Xochimilco and Lake Chalco in central Mexico. Since Lake Chalco has been completely drained by the people living in the region to avoid periodic flooding, and Lake Xochimilco is now a series of canals, axolotls are threatened with extinction. 3. The dumbo octopus has been named so because of its ear-like fins, which protrude from the top of its body, and look like the ears of Dumbo Walt Disney’s flying elephant. These octopuses live in extreme depths of the oceans and are some of the rarest members of the octopus family. IMPORTANT DATES OF SEPTEMBER Sept 5 Teacher’s Day Sept 7 Forgiveness Day Sept 8 International Literacy Day Sept 14 Hindi Day World First Aid Day Sept 16 World Ozone Day Sept 21 World Alzheimer’s Day Sept 25 Social Justice Day Sept 27 World Tourism Day FIRST IN THE WORLD The first batsman to score three test century in three successive tests on debut :Mohd.Azharuddin The first man to have climbed Mount Everest twice : Nawang Gombu The first U.S President to resign Presidency : Richard Nixon The first shuttle to go in space : Columbia The first person to sail round the world : Magellan Do you know? 1. Tawny owls feed on mice and voles. They catch these from the forest floor. But they are under danger because now their woodland habitat has been destroyed in many places, forcing them to chase in towns and near busy roads. 2. Dr Verghese Kurien is recognized as the man behind the success of Amul. He spearheaded Operation Flood, one of the largest dairy development programmes worldwide, which made India one of the largest producers of milk. 3. The Oscar Award was designed by MGM’s chief art director Cedric Gibbons. It depicts a knight holding a crusader’s sword, standing on a film reel with five spokes, each representing the five original branches of the Academy: writers, actors, directors, producers and technicians. Foundation Day of Some States 1st January : Nagaland Day 21st January : Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura Day 6th February : Jammu-Kashmir Day 20th February : Mizoram and Arunachal Day 11th March : Andaman and Nicobar Islands Day 22nd March : Bihar Day (Bihar Diwas) 30th March : Rajasthan Day GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 1. Who is the present RBI Governor? (Raghuram Rajan) 2. Earth is protected from ultra violet radiation by……? (Ozone) 3. VAT was first introduced in which country? (France) 4. Which instrument is used to measure blood pressure? (sphygmomano meter) 5. Shora is the parliament of ……..? (Afghanistan) 6. How many fundamental duties are laid in the constitution of India? (11) 7. Which is the biggest museum? (British museum, London) 8. The spherical space of a drop is due to…….? (surface tension) 9. Capital of Venezuela? (Karakkas) 10. Solid carbon dioxide is known as….? (Dry ice) 11. How many coastal states are in India? (9) 12. Which is the longest river in peninsular India? (Godavari River) 13. What is the full form of SIM? (Subscriber Identity Module) 14. Who is the first person to get Param Vir Chakra? (Major Somnath Sharma) 15. Who is the founder of Van Mohotsav? (K.M.Munshi) 16. What is the full form of https? (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) 17. Where is Sardar Sarovar project situated? (Gujarat) 18. Which is the smallest National Highway in India? (NH 966B) 19. How many bones are there in human skull? (22) 20. Which was the first state that established Lokayukta? (Maharashtra) ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION Talk without respect of something sacred or holy : Blasphemy Tendency to look upon the bright side of things : Optimism That can be easily injured or broken Or Liable to be easily broken : Fragile That cannot be cured : Incurable That cannot be satisfied : Insatiable That cannot be understood : Incomprehensible That which cannot be done without : Indispensable Things that can be felt or touched : Palpable Things to be corrected in a printed book, etc : Corrigendum Things taken by robbers : Booty NATIONAL SYMBLE NATIONAL ANTHEM Jana-Gana-Mana… The song was composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, adopted in its Hindi version is our national Anthem. Its Hindi version was adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24th January, 1950. The complete song consists of five stanzas. The playing time of the full version of the National Anthem is approximately 52 seconds. The playing time of the short version consisting of first and last lines of the stanza is approximately 20 seconds. The song ‘Jana-Gana-Mana’ was first published in January, 1912, under the title ‘Bharat Vidhata’ in the Tatva Bodhini patrika edited by Tagore himself. The song was translated into English by Tagore in 1919, under the title ‘Morning song of India’. NATIONAL SONG The song Vande Mataram, composed in Sanskrit by Bankim Chandra Chatterji, is our National Song. It was adopted by the constituent Assembly on 24th January, 1950, along with National Anthem. It has an equal status with ‘Jana-gana-mana’. It was first sung at the 1896 Session of the Indian National Congress. The song Vande Mataram was a source of inspiration to the Indian people in their struggle for freedom. The National Song is taken from Bankim Chandra Chatterji’s novel Ananda Math, published in 1882. The English translation of this song was rendered by Sri Aurobindo. IMPORTANT DATES OF INDIAN HISTORY 1948 Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi (January30). 1950 India become republic (January 26) 1951 First Five Year Plan implemented. 1952 First General Elections held. 1953 Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hillary conquered Mt Everest (May 29) 1954 Panchsheel Agreement between India and China. 1956 Life Insurance nationalised, state Reorganizing Act comes into force. 1957 Second General Elections. 1958 Metric system of weights and measures introduced. 1959 Dalai Lama exiled; enters India. 1961 Liberation of Goa. 1.
Posted on: Sat, 04 Oct 2014 03:03:58 +0000
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