GRAMMAR Giáo Viên Hồi còn thực tập trường THPT Nguyễn Du TPHCM , hihi Lớp dạy 11B3, 11B4, 11B8, 11B11 Reduce relative clause Handout *Relative clauses replaced by participles phrases a) Present Participle: Remarks: We can use present participles to replace a relative clause if the verb has active meaning. We reduce the relative clause by omitting the relative pronoun, and then we change the main verb into V-ing form. Ex1: The girl who is waving at me is Mary. The girl waving at me is Mary. Ex2: The man who robbed the bank last night had two pistols. → The man robbing the bank last night had two pistols. Ex3: Anyone who wants a ticket for the Final sees me. → Anyone wanting a ticket for the Final sees me. ** Ex4: The people who saw the accident are reporting to the police. → The people who saw the accident are reporting to the police. b) Past Participle: Remarks: We can use past participles to replace a relative clause if the verb has passive meaning. We reduce relative clause by omitting relative pronoun and “be”, then we use the verb in the form of V3/ed. Ex1: The dog which was hit by our neighbour’s car is not seriously hurt. → The dog hit by our neighbour’s car is not seriously hurt. Ex2: Baseball is a game that is played mainly in the United States. Baseball is a game played mainly in the United States. * * Ex3: The saplings which are being planted today will one day grow into huge trees. → The saplings being planted today will one day grow into huge trees. *Relative clauses replaced by to infinitives phrases a) Active meaning: Remarks: - We often use “To-infinitive” to replace a relative clause after an ordinal number (The first / the last / the only…) -If the verb has active meaning, we reduce relative clause by omitting relative pronoun, and then we use the verb in the form of to + infinitive Ex1: He was the only person who saw the robbery. → He was the only person to see the robbery. Ex2: The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light. → The last person to leave the room must turn off the light. ** Superlative + N Ex3: He is the youngest candidate who fulfills the criteria for this position. → He is the youngest candidate to fulfill the criteria for this position. b) Passive meaning: Remarks: - We often use “To-infinitive” to replace a relative clause after an ordinal number (The first / the last / the only…) -If the verb has passive meaning, we reduce relative clause by omitting relative pronoun, and then we use the verb in the form of to be +V3/ed Ex1: The last person who was brought to the hospital is Anna. → The last person to be brought to the hospital is Anna. Ex2: John was the last applicant who was interviewed → John was the last applicant to be interviewed. Extra exercise: Reduce the following relative clauses, using participles and to-infinitive. 1. Students who attend Nguyen Du High school have to wear uniform. → 2. Rach Mieu Bridge which was built in 2009 is the longest bridge in Vietnam. → 3. Do you have a wallet in which you can keep your money and important papers? → 4. They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the government. → 5. This is the only mechanic who can repair this machine. → 6. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting. → 7. The boy who is playing guitar is my brother. → 8. His son was the second child who was kidnapped in this way. → 9. Mr. Carlos, aged 81, was the oldest person who climbed the mountain. →
Posted on: Sat, 28 Sep 2013 19:12:26 +0000
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