Haplogroup J2 J2 originated in northern Mesopotamia, and spread westward to Anatolia and southern Europe, and eastward to Persia and India. J2 is related to the Ancient Etruscans, (Minoan) Greeks, southern Anatolians, Phoenicians, Assyrians and Babylonians. Bahrain (historical region) Bahrain (Akkadian: Qatray Bahran , Aramaic: Beth Qatraye Bahran , Arabic: Iqlīm al-Baḥrayn , Persian:Ostān Baḥrayn) is a historical region in eastern Arabia that was known as the Province of Bahrain until the 18th Century. It stretched from the south of Basra along the Persian Gulf coast and included the regions of Kuwait, Al-Hasa, Qatif, Qatar, and the Awal Islands, now known as Bahrain. The name Bahrain referred to the eastern mainland Arabia until the 18th century at least. Etymology: The name Bahrain or Bahran comes from the Semitic root Bahr, meaning Sea,Bahrain or Bahran means The land of two seas Or Sea land. Population: The people of eastern Arabia are still sometimes called Bahranis and their language is Bahrani Arabic. The Bahranis were traditionally settled (non-nomadic). They inhabited oases and coastal areas. Genetics The Bahrani people are a Caucasian people.Studies of human genetics suggest that Bahrani Y-DNA typically belongs to Haplogroup J2a4, also found in Iraq, Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Tunisia(Msaken town), India(Kerala), Georgia, Chechnya, Ingushetia, Also found the J1, R, R1A1, R1b ,R2, Q , G , C , O, A, B ,L, E, E1b1a, E1b1b1. Origins of the Bahrani people: 1-Phoenician Origin: The ancient Greeks speculated as to whether the Phoenicians were originally from Tylos(Now Bahrain Island) . According to the 19th century German classicist, Arnold Heeren: “In the Greek geographers, for instance, we read of two islands, named Tyrus or Tylos, and Aradus, which boased that they were the mother country of the Phoenicians, and exhibited relics of Phoenician temples.”[Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren, Historical Researches Into the Politics, Intercourse, and Trade of the Principal Nations of Antiquity, Henry Bohn, 1854 p441] The people of Tyre in particular have long maintained Persian Gulf origins, and the similarity in the words “Tylos” and “Tyre” has been commented upon.[Michael Rice The Archaeology of the Persian Gulf Routledge 1994 p20] Herodotuss account (written c. 440 BC) refers to the Io and Europa myths. (History, I:1). According to the Persians best informed in history, the Phoenicians began the quarrel. These people, who had formerly dwelt on the shores of the Erythraean Sea (The name Erythraean Sea was used as well to refer to some gulfs attached to the Indian Ocean, specifically, the Persian Gulf), having migrated to the Mediterranean and settled in the parts which they now inhabit, began at once, they say, to adventure on long voyages, freighting their vessels with the wares of Egypt and Assyria… —Herodotus Strabo, the Greek historian, geographer and philosopher mentioned that the Phoenicians came from the eastern part of the Arabia peninsula where they have similar gods, cemeteries and temples. Henry Rawlinson confirmed that and explained the between the names for their cities e.g. Arwad in Syria and Bahrain, and Sour in Oman and Lebanon, Gebal in Lebanon and Eastern province on the Persian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia, Al-Jish in Mount Lebanon and Qatif province, Sadad in Syria and Bahrain, Koura in North Lebanon and Bahrain. 2-Chaldean Origin: “Encyclopædia Britannica” Chaldea, also spelled Chaldaea, Assyrian Kaldu, Babylonian Kasdu, Hebrew Kasddim, land in southern Babylonia (modern southern Iraq) frequently mentioned in the Old Testament. Strictly speaking, the name should be applied to the land bordering the head of the Persian Gulf between the Arabian desert and the Euphrates delta. Chaldea is first mentioned in the annals of the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II (reigned 884/883–859 bc), though earlier documents referred to the same area as the “Sealand.” In 850 Shalmaneser III of Assyria raided Chaldea and reached the Persian Gulf, which he called the “Sea of Kaldu.” On the accession of Sargon II to the Assyrian throne (721), the Chaldean Marduk-apla-iddina II (the biblical Merodach-baladan), ruler of Bit-Yakin (a district of Chaldea), seized the Babylonian throne and, despite Assyrian opposition, held it from 721 to 710. He finally fled, however, and Bit-Yakin was placed under Assyrian control. With this decline of Assyrian power, a native governor, Nabopolassar, was able, in 625, to become king of Babylon by popular consent and to inaugurate a Chaldean dynasty that lasted until the Persian invasion of 539 bc. The prestige of his successors, Nebuchadrezzar II (reigned 605–562) and Nabonidus (reigned 556–539), was such that “Chaldean” became synonymous with “Babylonian.” “Chaldean” also was used by several ancient authors to denote the priests and other persons educated in the classical Babylonian literature, especially in traditions of astronomy and astrology. “The Penguin Encyclopedia of Ancient Civilization” / Arthur Cotterell “Throughout the remainder of the 8th century BC Babylonian Political life was disturbed by the Chaldeans, a Semitic speaking group of people who had entered the plain earlier and who were now settled along the coast of the Persian Gulf. One tribe of Chaldeans, Yakin, produced an eminently capable leader called Merodach-baladan, who with Elamite support made numerious attempts to seize the Babylonian crown…” The Sealand of Ancient Arabia / Raymond Philip Dougherty /Yale University / Vol. XIX, 1932 “However, the existence of numerous Chaldeans, Arameans, and Sealanders outside the land of the two rivers should not be forgotten Streek regards (das gewaltige vom Meere heranruckende de Heer as composed of the people of the Sealand, i.e., the Chaldeans and the Arameans) Since the Sealand gave rise to the Neo-Babylonian [Chaldean] Empire and since there are strong reasons for association of the Sealand with Arabia, evidence of Neo-Babylonian contact with Arabia should be of special significance.” “The Babylonians” / H.W.F Saggs “… the Chaldeans as originally encountered were restricted to south Babylonia, and always remained predominant there…” Later he says: “… there is no hint of any non-Semitic linguistic background, but this does not preclude the possibility that their ancestry included elements from earlier groups who had ruled the south of the country, or from the Kassites. Some scholars suggest that they were originally of east Arabia origin; there is little positive evidence for this, but it is not impossible, and if they came in via the west coast of the Persian Gulf it might explain why they were in the main only in the south of Mesopotamia.” “Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta; Languages and Cultures in contact at the Crossroads of Civilizations in the Syro-Mesopotamian Realm. (Proceedings of the 42nd RAI)” / I. Sassmannshausen The Kassite period in Babylon was during 1570-1160 BC, and this scholar who presented his paper in front of the most famous in the field, mentioned some of the ethnic groups in Babylon in that period but did not mention the Chaldeans! Which proves the already known fact that the Chaldeans began to settle in southern Mesopotamia around the 10th century BC coming from the Sea Land perhaps (the Persian Gulf region). Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History / J.N. Postgate “His (Hammurabi) stele lists proudly the ancient centers of civilization, north and south, which the gods had entrusted to his rule: including Assur, Mari and an ancient Hurrian center, Ninua, the later capital of Assyria. This political success was not just another of the swings of the political pendulum, but represents a turning point. Even if more by default than otherwise, Babylon takes on the role of the single capital of the south: only the 1st Dynasty of Babylon remains as a dynastic line, and despite a murmur of resistance from Larsa, the only contenders for power in the future would be outsiders: the Sea-Land Dynasty, the Kassites and, still later, the new nomadic stock of the Aramaeans and Chaldeans.” Gerrha Gerrha , was an ancient city of Arabia, on the west side of the Persian Gulf. More accurately, the ancient city of Gerrha has been determined to have existed near or under the present fort of Uqair.This fort is 50 miles northeast of Al-Hasa in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. This site was first proposed by R E Cheesman in 1924. Gerrha was described by Strabo(64 BC – ca. AD 24) as inhabited by Chaldean exiles from Babylon, who built their houses of salt and repaired them by the application of salt water. Pliny the Elder (lust. Nat. vi. 32) says it was 5 miles in circumference with towers built of square blocks of salt.
Posted on: Wed, 06 Nov 2013 04:08:12 +0000
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