History of Tamil people... PART-2 Pattinappalai(20-27),beautifully described about ancient Poompuhar city & glorify its fame. A woman sits in front of a big house, and dries food. She throws her gold earring at the chicken which comes to eat the food.Her son’s three- wheeled walker (சிறு தேர்) is stuck on the earring, and is unable to move.Despite all this,there is no setback.It showers abundant wealth on this town.People from all over come and live here,and speak many languages. At present, no civilisation, as known to current history, existed in the Tamil lands of South India around 9,000 BC. Yet the discovery of the U-shaped structure by India’s marine archaeologists leads us to seriously consider that it was the work of a civilisation that archaeologists had failed to identify as its ruins lie submerged so deep beneath the sea. As Mr. S. R. Rao, the doyen of Indian marine archaeology, stated in February 2002, “I do not believe it is an isolated structure; further exploration is likely to reveal others around it” Philip Sclator,who greatly influenced by Darwins Theory of Evolution, was engaged in research in Madagascar Islands in the African shores of the Indian Ocean. While doing so, he discovered the similarities of the living beings there with those in India.His research was in fossils of animals in Madagascar. He found them not to have any relationship with those in nearby Africa; but related to those found in distant India. Therefore he concluded that including Madagascar, there should have been one large landscape of the Indian peninsula. On that basis he proposed the continent of Lemuria.For example, The prominent evidence connecting Madagascar and India is the Zebutype cattle [sometimes known as humped cattle or Brahman cattle,characterised by a fatty hump on their shoulders, drooping ears and a large dewlap.]. These are found only in India. It is now known by DNA research that these types of cattle were also in Madagascar. But these had not arrived in India from Madagascar. Even in the nearby Africa, these species are not to be found. But DNA research has established that 5000 years back these cattle have migrated from India to Madagascar.But seeing that old Tamil literature indicated the submerged lands of Kumari and Kollam of Thennans (ancient Pandyan) country, the Tamilians believed that the Lemuria is actually Kumari kandam/nadu as stated in sangam literature about 2000-2700 years ago.This is how the Kumari kandam theory developed further with Devaneya Pavanar, claiming that it was the cradle of civilization. Also the one of the well established historical fact about the Sumerians is that they were not an indigenous group but rather a group of people who came from the East [but whether by sea or from the highlands is unknown].and settled there.[Ancient Sumeria Primary Author: Robert A. Guisepi /Portions of this work Contributed By:F. Roy Willis of the University of California 1980 and 2003] This ‘East” could be Harappa or Kumari Nadu, swallowed by the floods and which is mentioned in Sumerian texts themselves in many places.Perhaps there was an ancient and massive Tsunami which uprooted the survivors and landed them in the Sumeria[Sumerian is Archaic Tamil and Not a Derivative of Turkish by Dr K.Loganathan, 2004].One of This account of a great flood is from Tablet 11 of the Epic of Gilgamesh.The Sumerian hero Gilgamesh traveled the world in search of a way to cheat death. On one of his journeys, he came across an old man, Utnapishtim, who told Gilgamesh a story from centuries past.It says The gods brought a flood that swallowed the earth. [Epic of Gilgamesh - Sumerian Flood Story 2750 - 2500 BC].... All scholars and historians who support the Kumari Kandam or Lemuria theory beliefs that the first people evolved on the earth were from Kumari Kandam. Beings with one sense are those that have the sense of TOUCH. Beings with two senses are those that have the sense of TASTE along with the above. Beings with three senses, have sense of SMELL in addition. Beings with four senses, have sense of SIGHT, along with the above. Beings with five senses, have sense of HEARING, in addition. The beings with six senses, have a MIND, along with the above. [Tholkappiyam] The above is the Evolution Theory according to Tamil Grammar Tholkappiam based on senses . It, does not stop with this classification alone, it’s also gives examples of beings in each of these classifications.Though it has some errors in the above theory,generally it is acceptable one.The present day theory of evolution states man began as a ape and through the years gradually took on the shape and became what we know as modern day man. The scholars support Kumari kandam theory,Believed that Human evolved in kumari kandam where Tamil was an established language even as early as 12,000 years ago.& Their first language is Tamil.Also Tamil sources say that it was a Vedic culture with Shiva as the presiding deity.Those who were pushed by sudden flash floods from the Indian Ocean may entered into 2 regions.One group may entered North India through Saraswati river and another group to Mesopotamia through Persian sea.For example,they support this theory by place names in Pakistan such as :கொற்கை (Gorkai. Gorkhai), வஞ்சி (Vanji), தொண்டி(Tondi), மத்ரை (Matrai), உறை (Urai), கூடல் கட் (Kudal Garh) & கோளி (Koli) as well as place names in afghanistan such as:கொற்கை (Korkay. Gorkay). பூம்பகார் (Pumbakar)-As they were identical.similar with names of sangam period cities such as: கொற்கை. வஞ்சி. தொண்டி. மதுரை. உறையூர். கூடல். கோழி. பூம்புகார் Did this land mass really existed or just an myth? Did Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) or Tamilnadu Archaeological department do any initiatives to find this place? In 26th December, 2004, in the very same region, the world witnessed a devastating effect of mother nature when Tsunami took place. The tsunami is was the result of the shift in tectonic plate in the sea bed that recorded a tremor as largely as 8.6 in richter scale. Could it be that a Giant Tsunami, multiple times greater than what we witnessed 9/10 yrs before, strucked this part of the continent? ... As no proper investigation /research have been done so far to find out this lost land called Kumari Kandam,was really existed or just an myth,I am giving below few references indicated in ancient literatures & epics as well as in the official web site of Madurai Aadheenam for further clarifications. That is, the literary evidence of the lost continent of Kumari Kandam comes principally from the literature of the Third Tamil Sangam. Below are scattered references in Sangam literature of 2000-2700 years old such as purananuru 9 & 6,Kalittokai 104 & Tholkapiyam as well as 1900-1800 years old Silappadhikaram regarding this land mass called Kumari Kandam. our king Kudumi, live for a many years, more than the grains of sand on the banks of Pakruli River with fine water, where his ancestor Nediyōn celebrated ocean festivals, and gave musicians fresh, reddish gold gifts!-Purananuru 9 May your great glory and endless fame spread to the north of the frozen mountains in the north, south of fierce Kumari river in the south, east of the ocean dug out of the earth in the east, -Purananuru 6 the blossoming light of the moon shines when its two horns unite at this confusing evening time when I am helpless. If you, after feeding on ayirai fish in the beautiful, huge port of Kumari, should fly off to the mountains of the far north,-Purananuru 67 A Pandyan king losing territories to the sea and compensating the loss by conquering new territories from the Chera and Chola rulers to the north-Kaliththogai 104 “ the river Prahuli and the mountain Kumari surroundered by many hills being submerged by the raging sea”-Silappathikaram 11:17-22 Also According to Ramayana, during the epoch called ‘Duvapara Yuga ’ the entire area from Mannar to Ravana’s kingdom, with 25 palaces and over 400,000 streets were swallowed by the sea. Even Mahavamsa records sea taking the land in 326BC which is also mentioned in Rajwali kathe.From the Rajavali we learn that in the 3rd century B.C., during the reign of Tissa Raja of Kelaniya,because of an injustice to a Buddhist monk ‘the gods who presided over the destinies of Ceylon became enraged and caused the sea to deluge the land.’ But after the Tsunami hit the sub continent, everybody knew now what is said in the Silapathikaram . Kalittogai.Ramayana & Mahavamsa is either strom surges or Tsunami. As pointed out above ,there are as many as 14 references in Sangam literature,Silappathikaram & manimekalai about this lost/ sunken Land mass.All have one meaning,that is It was very huge tsunami or in other word kadatkol which devoured this ancient civilized Land of Tamil people,ruled by the great king,Pandyan.It may be true or It may be myth.But one thing is sure,some things would have happened in ancient time related with sea & a land to inspire them to write this story in many instances.This story would have passed to generation to generation and may be got modified to the present story during the Sangam period or It may be true as it is now.Further similar stories were mentioned in other places too,such as in Srilanka[Mahavamsa ],India[Ramayana] Sumeria [Tablet XI of the Epic of Gilgamesh, which tells of the Sumerian flood myth] etc.Please note that these places are somewhat connected to ancient tamils or places where tamils lived or living now.So it is very simple to assume that they would have got this story from their ancestors who were Tamils/dravidians,who were lived there or migrated there from their original homeland.All these point out a land mass sunk in the sea long long ago.It may be a very very large land mass like proposed continent Kumari kandam or even a smaller land like a coastal village... It was surprised to note that under the Official Website of Madurai Aadheenam | Official Website of the Worlds Oldest Living Spiritual Organization,in english,We found another & important explanation for Aadheenam”.It says the first time, the place where a civilization settled down is ‘Aadheenam.’It further pointed out that the word Aadheenam means ‘aadhee, ancient’ and ‘inam, community, settlement.’ So, the very word Aadheenam means “the ancient community”.It is in Madurai that such an ancient civilization settlement happened for the first time in the South zone. That is “Madurai Aadheenam”, the primeval, original civilization.So the Madurai Aadheenam is irrefutably one of the most ancient settlements of human civilization. Its origin and time period spreads across all the historically recorded periods and even the unrecorded time period preceding it – referred as the “pre-historic period”.That is Madurai Adheenam has two histories. One is the recorded historic period which is recorded from 7th century, 1300 years ago begins from Thiru Jnanasambandar[திருஞானசம்பந்தர்]. Another one is pre-historic period. As we have pointed out earlier,the excavation at adichanallur[ஆதிச்சநல்லூர்],which is about 15 km away from the capital of the Early Pandyan Kingdom, Korkai[கொற்கை] confirmed that there were ancient civilization at least from 2000 BC in & around Madurai. Also one theory suggests that the word Pandya means old country in contrast with Chola meaning new country. The sangam poems,Kaliththokai, mention a Tamil continent called Kumari Kandam, which was ruled by Pandyas and the Cheras for 10,000 years, before getting submerged in the western Indian Ocean.How ever,The conventional historical evidences so far, suggest that they ruled parts of South India from around 600 BC (Early Pandyan Kingdom) to first half of 17th century AD. They initially ruled their country Pandya Nadu from Korkai, a seaport on the southernmost tip of the Indian Peninsula, and in later times moved to Madurai.Also It is believed according to the literatures, that The Tamil Sangam was flourished in three different periods and in different places under the patronage of the Pandyan kings.The first at Old Madurai , the second at Kapatapuram & the third at present Madurai..It is believed that first two were located on Kumari Kandam, which was washed away in a sea-deluge.Further some scholars believed that they were actually moved from Indus valley civilization after it collapsed.Even some other scholars believed that they were sumerian Tamils,who were settle down at Indus valley from mesopotamia. However one thing is sure that tamils were settle down in and around Madurai & established civilization at least 3000/4000 years before & hence they are AAtheenam,“Madurai Aadheenam”.Also The Sinhalese chronicle Mahawamsa claims that the orissa based King Vijaya (543 BC) married a daughter of the Pandyan king of Then Madurai, to whom he was sending rich presents every year.Also the famous Greek traveler Megasthenes mentions the Pandae kingdom and refers to it as that portion of India which lies to the southward and extends to the sea. The ancient and glorious city of Madurai also mentioned in number of 2700-2000 year old sangam poems & few of them such as Purananuru 32, Cirupanarruppatai :62-67 & Mathuraikkanci are given below gift Mathurai with storied mansions for the price of flowers to bright-browed, painted viralis with bamboo-like curved arms [Purananuru 32]NB:Viralis were female artists who danced and sang. Cirupanarruppatai poems read like travelogues in which poets who were returning with gifts received from a king, encourage other poets to do the same by describing in glowing terms the king,pandyan and his country,Madurai. Mathuraikkanci contains 583 lines of poetry which were written by the poet Mankuti Maruthanaar in praise of the Pandya king Nedunchezhiyan on the occasion of his victory at the battle of Talayanankanam,where the glory of Madurai also mentioned... Neither Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) nor Tamilnadu Archaeological department never conducted any complete & proper study/research on this matter.Only so little research has actually been done by anyone so far.Graham Hancocks own expedition to Poompuhar with the NIO[National Institute of Oceanography] was limited to diving on the U-shaped structure and one neighbouring structure,at a water depth of 23 metres which is about 5 kilometres off shore.But whats really exciting is that more than 20 other large structures are known to be located in the same area down to depths of more than 100 metres. These have so far been identified only by sidescan sonar and never yet explored by divers.Are they parts of the lost civilisation?Further exploration, involving divers, sonar scans and the recovery and analysis of artefacts will provide the answers also for Whether the land mass, Kumari kandam really existed or just an myth?At the moment We are not clear idea about Kumari kandam.There was an ocean research on South of Kanya Kumari.Their initial claim was that they found mountains under sea by Ultra-Sonic Probing. This project has to be taken very seriously and must be started again in order to bring sufficient evidences to prove or disprove this belief. Apart from oral, poems etc ,Still we do not have many sufficent evidences to satisfy everyone.However the reasons pointed out by the believers of Kumari kandam are listed below: There is great similarity between the animals & plants of India and Madagascar, two land areas now separated by 2,500 miles of ocean.Hence, In order to explain this observation an early idea was that the continents were joined by land bridges of granitic rock that later sank into the ocean.The language of Aboriginal Australians & aboriginal africans have some similarity/ Connection with tamil.There are scattered references about this land mass in ancient Tamil literatures.Customs and traditions of the ancient Tamils. In particular, the behavior of people who live near the beach. History of Dhanushkodi and Kaveri puhum pattinam cities drowned in the sea.Dhanushkodi is situated to the South-East of Pamban. & is about 18 miles (29 km) West of Talaimannar in Sri Lanka.A scientific study conducted by the Geological Survey of India indicated that the southern part of erstwhile Dhanushkodi Township facing Gulf of Mannar sank by almost 5 meters during 1948-49 due to vertical tectonic movement of land parallel to the coastline. As a result of this, a patch of land of about half a km in width stretching 7 km along North-South direction submerged in sea along with many places of worship, residential areas, roads etc.Also the 1964 cyclone caused over 1800 people died & All dwelling houses and other structures in Dhanushkodi town were marooned,Further,The high tidal waves moved deep onto this island and ruined the entire town.Following this disaster, the Government of Madras declared Dhanushkodi as Ghost town and unfit for living.Sheep grazing rock existed at a distance of six kilometers from the harbor in the middle of the ocean.Views of linguistics & tamil scholars. A recent discovery of a man-made “ a horse shoe shaped structure”, off-shore of Tarangambadi-Poompuhar coast in Tamilnadu near Nagapattinam lies at a depth of 23 metres and about 5 kms offshore by Graham Hancock and his team.Also South of Kanya Kumari found mountains under sea by Ultra-Sonic Probing. Though it is understood that no further explorations have taken place since 1995, the Boxing Day Tsunami of 2004 can be expected to renew interest in them. Hence,unless the proper investigation or under water research has been done in the ocean along Poompuhar costal side & explore all possibilities such as man made structures & objects or any evidences to consider it as a Land mass connecting Australia,africa & India which was devoured by the sea and also obtain carbon dating of any man made structures & objects found under water to confirm the above mentioned theory,We cant come to any scientific conclusion to accept or reject this, Kumari kandam theory.One such man-made U shaped structure was identified by India’s National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) in March 1991,but no other exploration ever made after that so far.Till such time some one from some corner will argue for or against Kumari kandam. Present knowledge will say the world first known civilization may be Mesopotamia[Sumerians] in the middle east or Indus valley in present pakistan/India ,One thing is for sure.Each one of these civilizations came in a very close time span,and all around rivers. These rivers would flood, which gave enough irrigation to feed a civilization.Had any civilization before them?How were people lived before them? Only little research were done so far to find the answers for these questions.This is a drawback. When some research confirm that the news we get from sangam literatures are truly correct regarding Poompuhar,How can we simply say the news regarding Kumari kandam will be wrong from the same source?So we need more research to bring out the truth.... WILL FOLLOW... PART-3 யாழறிவன்.... Yalarivan Jackson Jackie
Posted on: Sun, 12 Oct 2014 04:17:16 +0000
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