INFORMATION- W.R GARNER defined information as “as something we get when some people or machine tells us something we don’t know before” STEPS IN INFORMATION-PROCESSING ORDER ENCODING- refers to putting of information into memory. This requires changing the information into a form that human or computer can handle. STORAGE- refers to how a system maintains or remembers information. RETRIEVAL- means getting the stored information out of memory. Computers and humans retrieve information by scanning or searching the contents of memory for the desired information. FORGETTING- refers to the inability to recall a particular piece of information accurately. REASONS OF FORGETTING - retrieval failure - decay theory - interference theory STAGES OF MEMORY SENSORY MEMORY- the information from the senses is held in the sensory register for a fraction of a second. SHORT-TERM MEMORY- site in the information processing system in which a limited amount of information is held until use, also called working memory. - Consists of what is in our consciousness at any given time. - Constitutes the raw material needed for thinking which is referred to as “working memory.” - New information retained only for about 20 sec. it has a limited only to 5-9 information. LONG-TERM MEMORY- permanent storage facility with unlimited capacity and memories remain indefinitely. - Information enters slowly, not easily accessible, can be stored in unlimited amount, is retained indefinitely not easily disrupted. - Passive, unconscious process as differentiated from short-term memory which is active, dynamic and conscious. 3 KINDS OF LONG-TERM MEMORY SEMANTIC- memories for general facts and concepts and principles that are not connected to particular times and places. PROCEDURAL- associated with recall of particular skills and steps for accomplishing a task. EPISODIC- associated with our recall of particular times and places and storage many personal experiences. ********************************************* REHEARSAL- information processing strategy in which practice or repetition of information enhances recall. ELABORATION- is a process by which we try to tie something we already have stored in long-term memory to this new material. 2 BASIC CATEGORIES OF ELABORATION MACROLEVEL ELABORATION- helps the students comprehend entire lesson. They assist the student in the identification of schema that can be associated with new information. MICROLEVEL ELABORATION- helps students store and recall specific pieces of information from within a lesson. Good morning.. The given report, I think surely we can use it.. Most especially to us aspiring educator.. This is all about how we can process and convey the information digest to our students. So let me begin by asking this question…. Who among you have experience talking in front of a mass? Do you have the goal of efficiently and effectively transmitting the message you want to purvey? I think all of us have experienced to what I am talking about. Ok, so we will be dealing on information processing model. And I believe some of you have already prior knowledge about this. Because during our psychology 1, we have tackled and discussed this particular topic. 1st slide………… So let us first take the meaning of information. By the way what is information? INFORMATION- W.R GARNER defined information as “as something we get when some people or machine tells us something we don’t know before” So it was given emphasized that information is something we get from people or machines that we ourselves try to process in order for us to perceive the message or the information. In short this are facts, knowledge, principles, experiences etc. that can be utilize and can be use anytime. Slide 2nd Have you ever ask yourself, How do I grasp the information? Well it’s a broad aspect. But I will tell you how the process goes. We have steps in how we get information. When we say step, this is systematic. It is nor illogical. STEPS IN INFORMATION-PROCESSING ORDER ENCODING- refers to putting of information into memory. This requires changing the information into a form that human or computer can handle. So it is the putting in of information into the memory bag. In this process we attempt to grasp the information in a way that we can handle. That is encoding STORAGE- refers to how a system maintains or remembers information. Here, after getting of grasping the information, we tend to put on our storage bag in order that the information will remain/ retain. Ex. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> RETRIEVAL- means getting the stored information out of memory. Computers and humans retrieve information by scanning or searching the contents of memory for the desired information. On the other hand, retrieval is like recovering the stored information out of our memory. FORGETTING- refers to the inability to recall a particular piece of information accurately. REASONS OF FORGETTING - retrieval failure - decay theory - interference theory Ebbinghaus added that most forgetting occurs during the first nine hours after learning, especially during the first hour. After that forgetting continues, but t a much slower. STAGES OF MEMORY Memory - is the ability to store information so that it can be used at a later time. - The faculty by which things are recalled or kept in the mind. SENSORY MEMORY- the information from the senses is held in the sensory register for a fraction of a second. Ex. - Have you ever taste what is ampalaya? When I was young, we are given test like giving the proper taste/ flavour of a certain vegetables and fruits. (Result). SHORT-TERM MEMORY- site in the information processing system in which a limited amount of information is held until use, also called working memory. - Consists of what is in our consciousness at any given time. - Constitutes the raw material needed for thinking which is referred to as “working memory.” - New information retained only for about 20 sec. it has a limited only to 5-9 information. LONG-TERM MEMORY- permanent storage facility with unlimited capacity and memories remain indefinitely. - Information enters slowly, not easily accessible, can be stored in unlimited amount, is retained indefinitely not easily disrupted. - Passive, unconscious process as differentiated from short-term memory which is active, dynamic and conscious. 3 KINDS OF LONG-TERM MEMORY (experiences/ learnings) SEMANTIC- memories for general facts and concepts and principles that are not connected to particular times and places. Ex. - General concept about planets. - The evolution of man. - Facts and concepts about love. PROCEDURAL- associated with recall of particular skills and steps for accomplishing a task. Ex. - Making fire out of bamboo, during camping or scouting. - Baking. - Cooking (adobo, paksiw) EPISODIC- associated with our recall of particular times and places and storage many personal experiences. - Weddings - Travelling - Working to a certain place. - Accidents - Embarrassing moment ( tumawa ka , lumabas sipon mo!) How can we improve our memory William james, one of the earliest students of memory, believed that memory can be strengthen and improved. REHEARSAL- information processing strategy in which practice or repetition of information enhances recall. ELABORATION- is a process by which we try to tie something we already have stored in long-term memory to this new material. 2 BASIC CATEGORIES OF ELABORATION MACROLEVEL ELABORATION- helps the students comprehend entire lesson. They assist the student in the identification of schema that can be associated with new information. MICROLEVEL ELABORATION- helps students store and recall specific pieces of information from within a lesson. prepared by: tangent theta
Posted on: Wed, 14 Aug 2013 03:48:57 +0000
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