Ito na James Michael Dimaala Romina The governor general could also reject or suspend the implementation of any royal decree or law from spain with his cumplase power,if in his opinion, the conditions in the colony did not justify its implementation. However,the checks to gubernational powers were made possible through the following: 1. The Audience real or royal audience established in 1583 to act as the supreme court of the colony also served as advisory body to the governor and audited the expenditures of the government. 2. The residencia, which was a judicial institution headed by the incoming governor general to conduct a trial of an outgoing governor general and other spanish officials for the purpose og punishing those guilty of corruption, but the case may be appealed to the king for clemency. 3. The visitador- general, who was the investigator sent by the king or an official dispatched by the council of indies in spain to check the behavior of the high officials in the colony. 4. The archbishop and clergy who were appointed by the pope upon the recommendation of the king. 5. Subordinate public officials and influential private citizens. The local officials as well as the spanish high officials became the main instruments of pacification. Exempted from paying the tribute were as follows: Incumbent gobernadorcillos, cabezas and their families, government employees, soldiers with distinguished service, descendants of lakandula , a few other native chieftains, choir members, sacristans,porters of the churches , and government witnesses. Encomenderos often had to send soldiers to collect the tribute by force. Polo or forced labor instituted in 1580 was another form of pacifying the natives. Polista or worker has to work 40 days a year in the labor pool. To be excluded from the polo,one has to pay falla ( exemption fee) , which only a few Filipinos could actually pay. Polo led to the abandonment of the fields,separation from families or homes, as well as illness and death for some.The alcaldes often drafted hundreds of men, more than what was necessary for woodcutting and then pocketed the money, which must be paid for the polistas. Bandala, which was instituted in the first half of the 17th century by governor general sebastian hurtado de corcuera was another way to overpower the Filipinos.
Posted on: Sun, 14 Dec 2014 11:08:56 +0000
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