Land reform is not really about farming (my Tuesday column) The clamour for land reform is not essentially about agriculture, job creation, making a living or building financial security. It is more about history, about the restoration of pride and about a sense of justice. It is more about symbolism than about cultivating crops or keeping livestock. For as long as we South Africans – especially those making policy and those in organized commercial agriculture – don’t openly acknowledge this reality and its implications, we will not make significant progress with this important problem. When the Economic Freedom Fighters make their militant demands around the redistribution of land and threaten illegal action, as they did again last week at their first congress, we should understand that they’re not really talking about establishing a dominant new agricultural sector. These statements from the EFF congress documents should make that clear: “Land return is essentially for the reparation of the haunted African soul and to create new social relations away from the current ones which are essentially racist and anti-black. Without land, there is no redressing the 350 years of dispossession and disfigurement of black life … What we would do with the land is none of the business of the land thieves. … That there shall be a new efficient black farming class and that land shall be used productively is a secondary question. We want it back even if it’s to look at it every morning and cry out loud, Izwe Lethu!” When senior ANC leaders praise the Zimbabwean model of land repossession, either outright or through soft condemnation, that’s exactly what they also mean but can’t say because they’re in government and have to uphold the constitution. Also, they can’t as governing party afford a collapse of the agriculture sector, because it will have disastrous consequences for the economy, the banks, employment and rural stability. This duplicity has complicated the land reform process since 1994. Of course I realise that there is also a genuine and pressing need for new black farmers to own land and to become providers of food and jobs. But if it were only a question of establishing those genuine aspirant farmers on the land and get them farming, the issue would have been much simpler. The proposals of the National Development Plan are ambitious and workable and had been accepted by the commercial sector – only they seem to be gathering dust somewhere. AgriSA and others have started several schemes that have proved to be quite successful. On the surface the land issue is self-evident: when the first Europeans arrived in the country in the mid-17th century, most of the land surface was available to the aboriginal Khoisan and the black farming groups. Less than three centuries later, most of the land was owned by white farmers. This was clearly a great injustice that should be rectified swiftly. The reality is more uncomfortable. As happened in other “colonised” societies like the Americas and Australia, history and economic realities had complicated matters significantly. In the 21st century, agriculture is not so much about owning land as it is pure business and entrepreneurship. With the massive growth in population over the last century, there is the need for land to produce food and jobs. Farming today is highly technical and scientific – and fiercely competitive. But surely these developments alone can’t mean that we shrug our shoulders and say, oh well, that’s it then, let’s just maintain the status quo. The issue of the “the reparation of the haunted African soul” is not going to go away because of economics. Clearly South Africa cannot afford to give viable commercial farms to people who have no intention of farming it. But we should work much harder and smarter to get those who do want to farm on viable land and support them so they can be successful. We should also cut through the red tape and finalise all land claims by communities, and also assist them to be able to live off the land and improve their quality of life. The 18 million hectares of existing black communal land should be upgraded and rejuvenated, and much of it should be transferred to proper private ownership. But we have to face the fact that two-thirds of South Africans are urbanized and see their future in the cities. That’s the most pressing need: providing land for people to live on in and around the cities and towns. If the political will is there, this problem can be solved relatively quickly. For those city-dwellers who still feel the desire to keep a few cattle or chickens or to plant a patch of mealies, the system of urban commonages should be expanded. But most of all government should spell out the stark realities of modern agriculture and food security to the people. We have to find a way to balance symbolism with the cold hard facts.
Posted on: Tue, 23 Dec 2014 08:25:34 +0000