Let Georgia be a lesson for what will happen to Ukraine My countrys ordeal in 2008 suggests Crimeas referendum is a trick for Russia to cement its territorial and military grip Mikheil Saakashvili The Guardian, Friday 14 March 2014 18.45 GMT Crimeans vote tomorrow in an illegal referendum which will lock them into Russias embrace. After this vote, and the takeover by Russian troops of the southern Ukraine peninsula, Vladimir Putin will claim he has legal justification for further military build-up and direct armed attack. How do I know? Because of the many painful parallels and lessons from Georgia in 2008. The invasions of Ukraine and Georgia bear striking similarities, not only because the pattern of the invader stays the same, but also because the two countries share deep historic parallels. Today, when Putin and his cheerleaders in the west claim Russia has legitimate interests in Ukraine – as they justified Russias aggression in Georgia on the pretext of protecting Russian citizens – they seem to ignore the facts. In eastern Ukraine, Stalins regime killed 7 million people in an artificially created famine called Golodomor in the 1930s, to replace a restive population with a more loyal one. In Crimea, they deported the indigenous Tatars, increasing the number of Russians instead, and even though some have made it back to their ancestral lands, they havent regained the majority they enjoyed historically. By the same token, those who justify Russias occupation of the Georgian regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia stubbornly ignore the fact that largely due to direct Russian intervention, the ethnic Georgian majorities were cleansed from their homelands. Both Ukraine and Georgia aspired to join Nato, but the door was closed at the Bucharest summit of 2008. From Putins point of view, this untied his hands to deal with two neighbours that had tried to free themselves from Russias grip. Both countries have had democratic revolutions, which clearly created ideological problems for Putin, as he regards successful reforms in Georgia, and Ukraines aspirations to achieve the same, as a direct threat to his own iron grip in Russia. There are many parallels, too, with how the conflicts started. For months prior to August 2008, unidentified troops masquerading as local insurgents grabbed more and more control over Georgias separatist regions, and were getting into a growing number of shooting matches with local law enforcement. Russian tank columns started to move into Georgia to the point when, on 7 August 2008, the armed forces were compelled to respond. It was easier to start a hot war in Georgia as there was already a history of violent Russian-supported separatism, unlike Ukraine. Thankfully, we have not yet reached that point in Crimea. The difference between Ukraine and Georgia is the sheer size of the territory. In Georgias case, if we had not responded then troops, which every impartial expert clearly identified as Russian special forces, could have easily reached our capital, Tbilisi, within 24 hours.We couldnt afford to wait. By our military response we managed to gain time, raise the stakes, and ultimately save our statehood and democracy. Having said that, I have no doubt that in Ukraine Russias goal is the same as in Georgia.It is not limited to the restive regions, and I am fully convinced that Putin is as eager to take over Kiev in 2014 as he was to take Tbilisi in 2008. The Crimea referendum is just an intermediary instrument to achieve this goal. In Georgias case they called it a new legal reality, Putins version of gross violation of existing international law. If the west had reacted properly to Georgia, Ukraine would never have happened. The invasion of Georgia was the first time since the cold war that Russia had tried to revise existing internationally recognised borders. So the wests reaction was of disbelief, and then it sought to pin the blame on both sides. Soon after the Russo-Georgian war, on Germanys initiative, the EU created the Tagliavini Commision to study the origin of the conflict, which while not able to ignore the basic facts of Russias actions enabled the EU to get back to business as usual with Russia. Looking back, this gave Putin the sense he could get away with a similar adventure closer to Europes heartland, in a country whose population is 10 times greater than Georgias. Many in the west hope the Ukraine crisis will fade away to business as usual. But the cycles of appeasement usually get shorter with geometric progression. It took Putin only five years after Georgia to strike again. The longer he stays in power, the more his insecurity increases. He sees territorial conquest as a means of achieving political rejuvenation and longevity. With the Crimea referendum a new clock has started to tick. The longer the wests wishful thinking lasts, the bigger this problem will become.
Posted on: Sat, 15 Mar 2014 08:03:35 +0000
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