MRCP PACES Ophthalmology Fundoscopy Spot Diagnosis Retinitis pigmentosa - bone -spicule pigmentation, thin arterioles, pale optic disc. Retinitis pigmentosa - very attenuated vasculature, typical bone spicule pigmentation. Diabetic retinopathy - hard exudate (yellow , and well defined), Cercinate of exudates (exudates in a circle)- this retina will be oedematous. Mild non- proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular oedema - Lipid exudates, micro aneurysms, lipid exudates forming circular pattern around micro aneurysms - indicate retinal oedema. Diabetic retinopathy - new vessels at optic disc, NVD exudates at macula = maculopathy! per retinal haemorrhage (obscures underlying blood vessels), laser scars at periphery of retina. Hypertensive retinopathy - flame shaped haemorrhage, very swollen optic disc, exudates in radial pattern at macula = macular star, cotton wool spots (white and fluffy). Grade 4 hypertensive retinopathy - cotton wool spot (white and fluffy margin), early macular star. Papilloedema - in distinct optic disc margin -disc swelling. Cataract - clear red reflex = no cataract, black spokes in red reflex = cataract Optic atrophy - very pale disc (almost white)= atrophic. Branch retinal vein occlusion - large flame shape haemorrhages in only one quadrent = branch retinal vein occlusion. Ghost vessel (white vessel ) - obliterated vein . Central retinal vein occlusion - Large superficial nerve fibre layer haemorrhages (flame shaped) throughout most of the retina, cotton wool spots indicating ischaemia. Inferior temporal artery occlusion - pale ischaemic retina in quadrent supplied by infero- temporal arterole, rest of the retina normal with orange colour. Dominant Drusen - multiple yellow spots throughout retina (drusen), note how they are deep within the retina ( the blood vessels pass over the spots, obscuring them).
Posted on: Sat, 28 Jun 2014 20:57:05 +0000
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