Mary McLeod Bethune, African American civil rights administrator and educator was born on this date in 1875. One of 17 children of Samuel and Patsy McLeod, former slaves, Bethune was born in Maysville, South Carolina and worked in the cotton fields with her family. She eventually married Albertus Bethune and had a son. She attended Maysville Presbyterian Mission School, Scotia Seminary, and the Moody Bible Institute. Mary McLeod Bethune founded the Daytona Normal and Industrial Institute for Negro Girls (now Bethune-Cookman College) in 1904, and served as president twice, from 1904-1942 and from 1946-47. By 1942, Bethune was forced to give up the presidency of the school as it had begun to affect her health. She worked for the election of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, and became a member of Roosevelts Black Cabinet, sharing the concerns of black people with the Roosevelt administration while spreading Roosevelts message to blacks, who had traditionally been Republican voters. She was a leader in the Black womens club movement and served as president of the National Association of Colored Women. Bethune was a delegate and adviser to national conferences on education, child welfare, and home ownership. She also was Director of Negro Affairs in the National Youth Administration from 1936 to 1944 and served as consultant to the U.S. Secretary of War for selection of the first black female officer candidates. After World War II, Bethune was appointed consultant on interracial affairs and understanding at the charter conference of the U.N. Founder of the National Council of Negro Women. In 1930, journalist Ida Tarbell included Bethune as number 10 on her list of Americas greatest women. Bethune was awarded the Spingarn Medal in 1939 by the NAACP. Bethune was the only Black woman present at the founding of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1948, representing the NAACP with W.E.B. DuBois and Walter White. In 1949 she became the first woman to be given the Medal of Honor and Merit at the Haitian Exposition, Haitis highest award. She was vice-president of the NAACP and was awarded the Haitian Medal of Honor and Merit, that countrys highest award. In Liberia, she received the honor of Commander of the Order of the Star of Africa. She remained a constant beacon of inspiration for the entire country during her life--and beyond. Mary McLeod Bethune died in 1955, but her legacy and life were observed in many ways. In 1973, Mary McLeod Bethune was inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame. In 1974, a sculpture was erected in her honor in Lincoln Park, Washington, D.C. On that sculpture are engraved these words: I leave you love. I leave you hope. I leave you the challenge of developing confidence in one another. I leave you a thirst for education. I leave you a respect for the use of power. I leave you faith. I leave you racial dignity. I leave you a desire to live harmoniously with your fellow men. I leave you, finally, a responsibility to our young people. Reference: Black Heroes of The Twentieth Century Edited by Jessie Carney Smith Copyright 1998 Visible Ink Press, Detroit, MI
Posted on: Fri, 11 Jul 2014 17:15:02 +0000
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