PRINCIPLE OF HETEROGENIZATION AND SYMBIOTIZATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN Magoroh Maruyama 3403 May Road Richmond, California edra.org/sites/default/files/publications/EDRA04-Maruyama-18-34_1.pdf Abstract There are, among many other paradigma, three basically different paradigms in planning and environmental design as well as in various fields of science: (1) unidirectional causal paradigm: This stems from the Greek logic, is hierarchical, uniformistic and universalistic, and achieves design unity by similarities and repetitions. (2) random process paradigm: This is the basis of thermodynamics and Shannons information theory. Its premise is that basically the universe tends to random and independent events. In planning and design, this manifests in atomistic, isolationistic, individualistic, non-contextual principles. (3) mutual causal paradigm: This is the newest of the three paradigms, and has developed in three phases. (3a) First phase (1940s and 1950s): deviation-counteracting, equilibrating mutual causal processes, which are commonly called negative feedback systems or self-regulating systems. (3b) Second phase (1960 s and early 1970 s): differentiation-amplifying mutual causal processes which generate and increase heterogeneity, structuredness, patterns and complexity, and which are commonly called positive feedback systems or self-evolving systems. (3c) Third phase (from mid-1970s on): symbiotization of heterogeneity thus generated. The mutual causal paradigm corresponds to heterogenistic design, cultural and individual diversities in the community, planning from grflss-roots up, and finding symbiotic combinations among the heterogeneous elements.
Posted on: Sat, 02 Nov 2013 20:24:55 +0000
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