Pregnancy and the use of essential oils in aromatherapy There are some divided ideas on the dangers of certain essential oils used in aromatherapy during pregnancy, but since this time should be a time to enjoy and to prepare for the upcoming birth of your child, it would be wise to rather give some essential oils a miss. pregnancy essential oils pregnant aromatherapy Aromatherapy can be a great benefit during pregnancy and assists in minimizing some of the discomfort and aches. There are however some compounds in certain essential oils that have hormone-like behavior because of their molecular structure and although there is no conclusive evidence on the effect of estrogenic oils it would be prudent to avoid anethole rich oils, like fennel and aniseed during pregnancy. Although some oils are listed as abortifacient oils, it is mainly due to their toxic nature, and should in any case not be used in aromatherapy massage at any time. Some essential oils are however not toxic, but have emmenagogue action, which is to help to promote and regulate the menstrual flow (periods), and should be avoided during pregnancy. We have compiled a list below, in which we endeavored to list all the oils which we think should not be used for massage while you are pregnant. We have compiled the list from all known oils that may in some way or other interfere with this very special time, but give nor infer any guarantee or warranty of safety for any oil not included on this list. If you are unsure if an oil can be used, kindly refer it to your licensed medical practitioner for his or her advice and directions. Essential oils to be avoided in pregnancy Pregnancy and essential oil safety in aromatherapy Almond - bitter Toxic Aniseed Anethole rich Angelica Emmenagogue Basil Possible irritant Birch Possible irritant Black pepper Skin sensitization Boldo leaf Toxic Buchu Liver hazardous Calamus Toxic Camphor Toxic Cassia Skin sensitization Cedarwood Emmenagogue Chamomile Emmenagogue Cinnamon Skin sensitization and emmenagogue Clary sage Emmenagogue Clove Skin sensitization Elecampane Skin sensitization Fennel Anethole rich Fir Possible irritant Ginger Emmenagogue Horseradish Toxic Hyssop Could cause toxicity Jaborandi leaf Toxic Jasmine Emmenagogue Juniper Emmenagogue Lemon Possible irritant Lemongrass Possible irritant Marjoram Emmenagogue Melissa Possible irritant Mugwort Toxic Mustard Toxic Myrrh Emmenagogue Nightshade Toxic Nutmeg Skin sensitization Oregano Skin sensitization Parsley seed Apiol rich Pennyroyal Toxic Peppermint Emmenagogue Pine Skin sensitization Rose Emmenagogue Rosemary Emmenagogue Rue Toxic Sage High thujone content Sassafras Toxic Savin Toxic Savory Could cause toxicity Southernwood Toxic Stinging nettle Toxic Tansy Toxic Thuja Toxic Thyme both Red and Linalol) Possible irritant Wintergreen Toxic Wormseed Toxic Wormwood Toxic Pregnancy and essential oil safety in aromatherapy Headings of links underneath Use of essential oils | List of essential oils | List of pre-blended oils List of carrier oils | Recipes | Essential oil safety Related articles | Manufacture of oils Holistic and alternative medicine Treatment of ailments Use of essential oils Air freshening Bathing | Amount of essential oils to use in bath Compresses Foot and hand baths Hair care | Amount of essential oils to use in shampoo Jacuzzis Massage | Amount of essential oils to use in massage blend Saunas Showers Sitz bath Skin care | Amount of essential oils to use in creams Steam inhalations Vaporization Links to essential oils, carrier oils and specialized pre-blended oils ESSENTIAL OILS Allspice Aniseed Basil Bay Benzoin Bergamot Black pepper Cajuput Calamus Camomile Camphor Caraway Carrot seed Cassia Cedarwood Chamomile Cinnamon Citronella Clary sage Clove Coriander Cypress Dill Eucalyptus Fennel Frankincense Geranium Ginger Grapefruit Helichrysum Hyssop Jasmine Juniper Lavandin Lavender Lemon Lemongrass Lemon verbena Lime Mandarin Marjoram Melissa Myrrh Neroli Niaouli Nutmeg Orange Palma rosa Patchouli Peppermint Petitgrain Pimento Pine Rose Rose geranium Rosemary Rosewood Sage Sandalwood Spearmint Spikenard Tagetes Tangerine Thyme Tea tree Vetiver Ylang-ylang ESSENTIAL OILS NOT SOLD BY US Angelica Birch Bitter almond Boldo Buchu Cardamom Cumin Elemi Mugwort Mustard Oregano Pennyroyal Rose otto Rue Sassafras Tansy Tarragon Savin Thuja Tuberose Vanilla Wintergreen Wormseed Wormwood Yarrow PRE-BLENDED FORMULAS Muscle & Joint Relaxation Sensual Anti-cellulite Circulation Hair & Scalp Dry & Mature Skin Insomnia Baby Vein & Artery Sunburn OTHER OILS Rosehip oil Baobab oil Marula oil Neem oil CARRIER OILS Almond oil Aloe vera oil Apricot kernel oil Avocado oil Calendula oil Evening primrose oil Grape seed oil Hazelnut oil Jojoba oil Macadamia oil Olive oil Sesame oil Walnut oil Wheatgerm oil CARRIER OILS NOT SOLD BY US Pumpkin seed oil Safflower oil Sunflower oil Recipes Dry shampoo Exfoliating facial scrub with oats Face packs (face masks) Facial creams and lotions Facial toners (tonics and astringents) Final rinse water Hair loss remedies Oil treatment for hair Perfume and Eau-de-Cologne Scalp stimulation lotion Shampoo Safety with essential oils Abortifacient essential oils Banned essential oils Cancer and essential oils Cardiac (heart) problems and essential oils Children and the use of essential oils Diluting essential oils Elderly people and the use of essential oils Emmenagogue essential oils Epilepsy and essential oils Essential oils to avoid when concentration is required High blood pressure and essential oils Liver toxicity and essential oils Pregnancy and essential oils Sensitive skin and essential oils Skin irritation caused by essential oils Sun sensitivity (phototoxicity) Toxic essential oils Related articles About Esoteric Oils Allergies, contact dermatitis and essential oils Alopecia, baldness and hair loss help for free Aroma families and classifying essential oil fragrances Aromatherapy Aromatherapy and essential oils Blending fragrances Botanical material Brainwaves, the brain and EEG Carrier oils Chemistry of essential oils Comparison of sizes oz / ml Currency converter Diabetes and essential oils Different massage techniques Different massage techniques - free Video clips Doing a skin patch test Epilepsy research Extraction methods used in the manufacture of essential oils Fatty acids Find a reflexologist Floral waters Fragrance notes Glossary Help with insomnia Herbalism versus Aromatherapy History of essential oils Information on buying essential oils Isoprene units Lipids Materia Medica - English to Latin Materia Medica - Latin to English Medical aromatherapy and medicinal applications of essential oils Mood properties of essential oils Olfactory bulb, the limbic system and the influence of odors Privacy statement Security on the internet Shopping cart security Specialized pre-blended massage oils Storage and buying essential oils Sun sensitivity - phototoxicity - and essential oils Therapeutic properties of essential oils Treating ailments with essential oils What are essential oils What is a concrete, resinoid and an absolute Manufacture of essential oils Distillation Water distillation Steam distillation Hydro diffusion Other specialized distillation Cohobation Rectification Water and steam distillation Fractional distillation Expression Sponge expression Écuelle à piquer Machine abrasion Solvent extraction Maceration Enfleurage Solvent Hypercritical carbon dioxide CO2 Holistic and alternative medicine Acupuncture Alexander technique Ayurveda Chiropractic Dr Bach flower remedies Herbal medicine Homeopathy Hydrotherapy Hypnosis Iridology Macrobiotics Massage therapy Meditation Naturopathy Reflexology Spiritual healing Tai Chi Yoga Treatment of ailments with essential oils If you are suffering from any medical condition please contact your licensed medical practitioner. The treatments listed below relies on alternative healing with essential oils, and please note that no clinical trials or results are available and rests heavily on anecdotal proof. Abdominal pain Abscess Acne Addictions Anal fissures Athletes foot Bad breath Bedsores Bleeding Bleeding gums Blepharitis Blisters Boils Breathing difficulty Bronchitis Bruises Burns Carbuncles Catarrh Chapped lips Chilblains Circulation Cold sores Colds Conjunctivitis Constipation Coughs Cuts Diarrhea Diverticulosis Dysmenorrhoea Ear infections Fainting Fever Flu Frostbite Gingivitis Grazes Halitosis Hay fever Headaches Heart palpitations Heartburn Hiccups High blood pressure Influenza Insect bites Insomnia Jetlag Laryngitis Leg cramps Lumbago Mouth ulcers Nausea Neuralgia Nosebleed Pneumonia Shock Sinusitis Sore throat Splinter Sty Swollen ankles Toothache Varicose veins Wounds pci dss compliant website and shopping security sallamander concepts Ageless herbal products Esoteric essential oils Cellumend anti-cellulite cream Sanitoets home test kits and testing strips Zest for Life vitamin supplements Olinat pure natural facial moisturizing cream Creme de Vie anti-wrinkle cream pure essential oils by esoteric oils cc HOME American and international orders South African orders Contact us Shipping information Security information on website and shopping cart Index of essential oils Search our site Treating ailments with essential oils Dilution rates Ways to use essential oils Links All material is protected under international copyright law. © Copyright Esoteric Oils CC and Sallamander Concepts (Pty) Ltd 1998 - 2014. The entire content of this website is copyrighted - including text, photographs, logos, metatags etc., and no part whatsoever may be copied and used - privately, for educational purposes or publishing or for commercial application - without the written permission of Sallamander Concepts (Pty) Ltd. Unauthorized copying or use of any of our copyrighted material may result in both criminal and civil action. Our site is kept current and was last updated 31 January 2014. Pregnancy and the use of essential oils in aromatherapy There are some divided ideas on the dangers of certain essential oils used in aromatherapy during pregnancy, but since this time should be a time to enjoy and to prepare for the upcoming birth of your child, it would be wise to rather give some essential oils a miss. pregnancy essential oils pregnant aromatherapy Aromatherapy can be a great benefit during pregnancy and assists in minimizing some of the discomfort and aches. There are however some compounds in certain essential oils that have hormone-like behavior because of their molecular structure and although there is no conclusive evidence on the effect of estrogenic oils it would be prudent to avoid anethole rich oils, like fennel and aniseed during pregnancy. Although some oils are listed as abortifacient oils, it is mainly due to their toxic nature, and should in any case not be used in aromatherapy massage at any time. Some essential oils are however not toxic, but have emmenagogue action, which is to help to promote and regulate the menstrual flow (periods), and should be avoided during pregnancy. We have compiled a list below, in which we endeavored to list all the oils which we think should not be used for massage while you are pregnant. We have compiled the list from all known oils that may in some way or other interfere with this very special time, but give nor infer any guarantee or warranty of safety for any oil not included on this list. If you are unsure if an oil can be used, kindly refer it to your licensed medical practitioner for his or her advice and directions. Essential oils to be avoided in pregnancy Pregnancy and essential oil safety in aromatherapy Almond - bitter Toxic Aniseed Anethole rich Angelica Emmenagogue Basil Possible irritant Birch Possible irritant Black pepper Skin sensitization Boldo leaf Toxic Buchu Liver hazardous Calamus Toxic Camphor Toxic Cassia Skin sensitization Cedarwood Emmenagogue Chamomile Emmenagogue Cinnamon Skin sensitization and emmenagogue Clary sage Emmenagogue Clove Skin sensitization Elecampane Skin sensitization Fennel Anethole rich Fir Possible irritant Ginger Emmenagogue Horseradish Toxic Hyssop Could cause toxicity Jaborandi leaf Toxic Jasmine Emmenagogue Juniper Emmenagogue Lemon Possible irritant Lemongrass Possible irritant Marjoram Emmenagogue Melissa Possible irritant Mugwort Toxic Mustard Toxic Myrrh Emmenagogue Nightshade Toxic Nutmeg Skin sensitization Oregano Skin sensitization Parsley seed Apiol rich Pennyroyal Toxic Peppermint Emmenagogue Pine Skin sensitization Rose Emmenagogue Rosemary Emmenagogue Rue Toxic Sage High thujone content Sassafras Toxic Savin Toxic Savory Could cause toxicity Southernwood Toxic Stinging nettle Toxic Tansy Toxic Thuja Toxic Thyme both Red and Linalol) Possible irritant Wintergreen Toxic Wormseed Toxic Wormwood Toxic Pregnancy and essential oil safety in aromatherapy Headings of links underneath Use of essential oils | List of essential oils | List of pre-blended oils List of carrier oils | Recipes | Essential oil safety Related articles | Manufacture of oils Holistic and alternative medicine Treatment of ailments Use of essential oils Air freshening Bathing | Amount of essential oils to use in bath Compresses Foot and hand baths Hair care | Amount of essential oils to use in shampoo Jacuzzis Massage | Amount of essential oils to use in massage blend Saunas Showers Sitz bath Skin care | Amount of essential oils to use in creams Steam inhalations Vaporization Links to essential oils, carrier oils and specialized pre-blended oils ESSENTIAL OILS Allspice Aniseed Basil Bay Benzoin Bergamot Black pepper Cajuput Calamus Camomile Camphor Caraway Carrot seed Cassia Cedarwood Chamomile Cinnamon Citronella Clary sage Clove Coriander Cypress Dill Eucalyptus Fennel Frankincense Geranium Ginger Grapefruit Helichrysum Hyssop Jasmine Juniper Lavandin Lavender Lemon Lemongrass Lemon verbena Lime Mandarin Marjoram Melissa Myrrh Neroli Niaouli Nutmeg Orange Palma rosa Patchouli Peppermint Petitgrain Pimento Pine Rose Rose geranium Rosemary Rosewood Sage Sandalwood Spearmint Spikenard Tagetes Tangerine Thyme Tea tree Vetiver Ylang-ylang ESSENTIAL OILS NOT SOLD BY US Angelica Birch Bitter almond Boldo Buchu Cardamom Cumin Elemi Mugwort Mustard Oregano Pennyroyal Rose otto Rue Sassafras Tansy Tarragon Savin Thuja Tuberose Vanilla Wintergreen Wormseed Wormwood Yarrow PRE-BLENDED FORMULAS Muscle & Joint Relaxation Sensual Anti-cellulite Circulation Hair & Scalp Dry & Mature Skin Insomnia Baby Vein & Artery Sunburn OTHER OILS Rosehip oil Baobab oil Marula oil Neem oil CARRIER OILS Almond oil Aloe vera oil Apricot kernel oil Avocado oil Calendula oil Evening primrose oil Grape seed oil Hazelnut oil Jojoba oil Macadamia oil Olive oil Sesame oil Walnut oil Wheatgerm oil CARRIER OILS NOT SOLD BY US Pumpkin seed oil Safflower oil Sunflower oil Recipes Dry shampoo Exfoliating facial scrub with oats Face packs (face masks) Facial creams and lotions Facial toners (tonics and astringents) Final rinse water Hair loss remedies Oil treatment for hair Perfume and Eau-de-Cologne Scalp stimulation lotion Shampoo Safety with essential oils Abortifacient essential oils Banned essential oils Cancer and essential oils Cardiac (heart) problems and essential oils Children and the use of essential oils Diluting essential oils Elderly people and the use of essential oils Emmenagogue essential oils Epilepsy and essential oils Essential oils to avoid when concentration is required High blood pressure and essential oils Liver toxicity and essential oils Pregnancy and essential oils Sensitive skin and essential oils Skin irritation caused by essential oils Sun sensitivity (phototoxicity) Toxic essential oils Related articles About Esoteric Oils Allergies, contact dermatitis and essential oils Alopecia, baldness and hair loss help for free Aroma families and classifying essential oil fragrances Aromatherapy Aromatherapy and essential oils Blending fragrances Botanical material Brainwaves, the brain and EEG Carrier oils Chemistry of essential oils Comparison of sizes oz / ml Currency converter Diabetes and essential oils Different massage techniques Different massage techniques - free Video clips Doing a skin patch test Epilepsy research Extraction methods used in the manufacture of essential oils Fatty acids Find a reflexologist Floral waters Fragrance notes Glossary Help with insomnia Herbalism versus Aromatherapy History of essential oils Information on buying essential oils Isoprene units Lipids Materia Medica - English to Latin Materia Medica - Latin to English Medical aromatherapy and medicinal applications of essential oils Mood properties of essential oils Olfactory bulb, the limbic system and the influence of odors Privacy statement Security on the internet Shopping cart security Specialized pre-blended massage oils Storage and buying essential oils Sun sensitivity - phototoxicity - and essential oils Therapeutic properties of essential oils Treating ailments with essential oils What are essential oils What is a concrete, resinoid and an absolute Manufacture of essential oils Distillation Water distillation Steam distillation Hydro diffusion Other specialized distillation Cohobation Rectification Water and steam distillation Fractional distillation Expression Sponge expression Écuelle à piquer Machine abrasion Solvent extraction Maceration Enfleurage Solvent Hypercritical carbon dioxide CO2 Holistic and alternative medicine Acupuncture Alexander technique Ayurveda Chiropractic Dr Bach flower remedies Herbal medicine Homeopathy Hydrotherapy Hypnosis Iridology Macrobiotics Massage therapy Meditation Naturopathy Reflexology Spiritual healing Tai Chi Yoga Treatment of ailments with essential oils If you are suffering from any medical condition please contact your licensed medical practitioner. The treatments listed below relies on alternative healing with essential oils, and please note that no clinical trials or results are available and rests heavily on anecdotal proof. Abdominal pain Abscess Acne Addictions Anal fissures Athletes foot Bad breath Bedsores Bleeding Bleeding gums Blepharitis Blisters Boils Breathing difficulty Bronchitis Bruises Burns Carbuncles Catarrh Chapped lips Chilblains Circulation Cold sores Colds Conjunctivitis Constipation Coughs Cuts Diarrhea Diverticulosis Dysmenorrhoea Ear infections Fainting Fever Flu Frostbite Gingivitis Grazes Halitosis Hay fever Headaches Heart palpitations Heartburn Hiccups High blood pressure Influenza Insect bites Insomnia Jetlag Laryngitis Leg cramps Lumbago Mouth ulcers Nausea Neuralgia Nosebleed Pneumonia Shock Sinusitis Sore throat Splinter Sty Swollen ankles Toothache Varicose veins Wounds pci dss compliant website and shopping security sallamander concepts Ageless herbal products Esoteric essential oils Cellumend anti-cellulite cream Sanitoets home test kits and testing strips Zest for Life vitamin supplements Olinat pure natural facial moisturizing cream Creme de Vie anti-wrinkle cream pure essential oils by esoteric oils cc HOME American and international orders South African orders Contact us Shipping information Security information on website and shopping cart Index of essential oils Search our site Treating ailments with essential oils Dilution rates Ways to use essential oils Links All material is protected under international copyright law. © Copyright Esoteric Oils CC and Sallamander Concepts (Pty) Ltd 1998 - 2014. The entire content of this website is copyrighted - including text, photographs, logos, metatags etc., and no part whatsoever may be copied and used - privately, for educational purposes or publishing or for commercial application - without the written permission of Sallamander Concepts (Pty) Ltd. Unauthorized copying or use of any of our copyrighted material may result in both criminal and civil action. Our site is kept current and was last updated 31 January 2014. 100% pure natural essential oils pre-blended massage oils the world of pure essential oils caucheteux approved quality guaranteed quality of pure essential oils member of the CTFA Home Contact us Shopping security Orders in U.S.A. and World Essential oils Other oils African oils Carrier oils Pre-blended oils Caucheteux fragrancing Worldwide shipping €,£,¥.... converter Orders in South Africa (Suid Afrika) Essential oils Other oils African oils Carrier oils Pre-blended oils Aflewering | Delivery INFORMATION Essential oil index Ways to use oils Recipes Dilution rates Safety Glossary of terms Treating ailments Uses Oil extraction Related articles Therapeutic properties Alternative health OTHER Privacy Search Links Pregnancy and the use of essential oils in aromatherapy There are some divided ideas on the dangers of certain essential oils used in aromatherapy during pregnancy, but since this time should be a time to enjoy and to prepare for the upcoming birth of your child, it would be wise to rather give some essential oils a miss. pregnancy essential oils pregnant aromatherapy Aromatherapy can be a great benefit during pregnancy and assists in minimizing some of the discomfort and aches. There are however some compounds in certain essential oils that have hormone-like behavior because of their molecular structure and although there is no conclusive evidence on the effect of estrogenic oils it would be prudent to avoid anethole rich oils, like fennel and aniseed during pregnancy. Although some oils are listed as abortifacient oils, it is mainly due to their toxic nature, and should in any case not be used in aromatherapy massage at any time. Some essential oils are however not toxic, but have emmenagogue action, which is to help to promote and regulate the menstrual flow (periods), and should be avoided during pregnancy. We have compiled a list below, in which we endeavored to list all the oils which we think should not be used for massage while you are pregnant. We have compiled the list from all known oils that may in some way or other interfere with this very special time, but give nor infer any guarantee or warranty of safety for any oil not included on this list. If you are unsure if an oil can be used, kindly refer it to your licensed medical practitioner for his or her advice and directions. Essential oils to be avoided in pregnancy Pregnancy and essential oil safety in aromatherapy Almond - bitter Toxic Aniseed Anethole rich Angelica Emmenagogue Basil Possible irritant Birch Possible irritant Black pepper Skin sensitization Boldo leaf Toxic Buchu Liver hazardous Calamus Toxic Camphor Toxic Cassia Skin sensitization Cedarwood Emmenagogue Chamomile Emmenagogue Cinnamon Skin sensitization and emmenagogue Clary sage Emmenagogue Clove Skin sensitization Elecampane Skin sensitization Fennel Anethole rich Fir Possible irritant Ginger Emmenagogue Horseradish Toxic Hyssop Could cause toxicity Jaborandi leaf Toxic Jasmine Emmenagogue Juniper Emmenagogue Lemon Possible irritant Lemongrass Possible irritant Marjoram Emmenagogue Melissa Possible irritant Mugwort Toxic Mustard Toxic Myrrh Emmenagogue Nightshade Toxic Nutmeg Skin sensitization Oregano Skin sensitization Parsley seed Apiol rich Pennyroyal Toxic Peppermint Emmenagogue Pine Skin sensitization Rose Emmenagogue Rosemary Emmenagogue Rue Toxic Sage High thujone content Sassafras Toxic Savin Toxic Savory Could cause toxicity Southernwood Toxic Stinging nettle Toxic Tansy Toxic Thuja Toxic Thyme both Red and Linalol) Possible irritant Wintergreen Toxic Wormseed Toxic Wormwood Toxic Pregnancy and essential oil safety in aromatherapy Headings of links underneath Use of essential oils | List of essential oils | List of pre-blended oils List of carrier oils | Recipes | Essential oil safety Related articles | Manufacture of oils Holistic and alternative medicine Treatment of ailments Use of essential oils Air freshening Bathing | Amount of essential oils to use in bath Compresses Foot and hand baths Hair care | Amount of essential oils to use in shampoo Jacuzzis Massage | Amount of essential oils to use in massage blend Saunas Showers Sitz bath Skin care | Amount of essential oils to use in creams Steam inhalations Vaporization Links to essential oils, carrier oils and specialized pre-blended oils ESSENTIAL OILS Allspice Aniseed Basil Bay Benzoin Bergamot Black pepper Cajuput Calamus Camomile Camphor Caraway Carrot seed Cassia Cedarwood Chamomile Cinnamon Citronella Clary sage Clove Coriander Cypress Dill Eucalyptus Fennel Frankincense Geranium Ginger Grapefruit Helichrysum Hyssop Jasmine Juniper Lavandin Lavender Lemon Lemongrass Lemon verbena Lime Mandarin Marjoram Melissa Myrrh Neroli Niaouli Nutmeg Orange Palma rosa Patchouli Peppermint Petitgrain Pimento Pine Rose Rose geranium Rosemary Rosewood Sage Sandalwood Spearmint Spikenard Tagetes Tangerine Thyme Tea tree Vetiver Ylang-ylang ESSENTIAL OILS NOT SOLD BY US Angelica Birch Bitter almond Boldo Buchu Cardamom Cumin Elemi Mugwort Mustard Oregano Pennyroyal Rose otto Rue Sassafras Tansy Tarragon Savin Thuja Tuberose Vanilla Wintergreen Wormseed Wormwood Yarrow PRE-BLENDED FORMULAS Muscle & Joint Relaxation Sensual Anti-cellulite Circulation Hair & Scalp Dry & Mature Skin Insomnia Baby Vein & Artery Sunburn OTHER OILS Rosehip oil Baobab oil Marula oil Neem oil CARRIER OILS Almond oil Aloe vera oil Apricot kernel oil Avocado oil Calendula oil Evening primrose oil Grape seed oil Hazelnut oil Jojoba oil Macadamia oil Olive oil Sesame oil Walnut oil Wheatgerm oil CARRIER OILS NOT SOLD BY US Pumpkin seed oil Safflower oil Sunflower oil Recipes Dry shampoo Exfoliating facial scrub with oats Face packs (face masks) Facial creams and lotions Facial toners (tonics and astringents) Final rinse water Hair loss remedies Oil treatment for hair Perfume and Eau-de-Cologne Scalp stimulation lotion Shampoo Safety with essential oils Abortifacient essential oils Banned essential oils Cancer and essential oils Cardiac (heart) problems and essential oils Children and the use of essential oils Diluting essential oils Elderly people and the use of essential oils Emmenagogue essential oils Epilepsy and essential oils Essential oils to avoid when concentration is required High blood pressure and essential oils Liver toxicity and essential oils Pregnancy and essential oils Sensitive skin and essential oils Skin irritation caused by essential oils Sun sensitivity (phototoxicity) Toxic essential oils Related articles About Esoteric Oils Allergies, contact dermatitis and essential oils Alopecia, baldness and hair loss help for free Aroma families and classifying essential oil fragrances Aromatherapy Aromatherapy and essential oils Blending fragrances Botanical material Brainwaves, the brain and EEG Carrier oils Chemistry of essential oils Comparison of sizes oz / ml Currency converter Diabetes and essential oils Different massage techniques Different massage techniques - free Video clips Doing a skin patch test Epilepsy research Extraction methods used in the manufacture of essential oils Fatty acids Find a reflexologist Floral waters Fragrance notes Glossary Help with insomnia Herbalism versus Aromatherapy History of essential oils Information on buying essential oils Isoprene units Lipids Materia Medica - English to Latin Materia Medica - Latin to English Medical aromatherapy and medicinal applications of essential oils Mood properties of essential oils Olfactory bulb, the limbic system and the influence of odors Privacy statement Security on the internet Shopping cart security Specialized pre-blended massage oils Storage and buying essential oils Sun sensitivity - phototoxicity - and essential oils Therapeutic properties of essential oils Treating ailments with essential oils What are essential oils What is a concrete, resinoid and an absolute Manufacture of essential oils Distillation Water distillation Steam distillation Hydro diffusion Other specialized distillation Cohobation Rectification Water and steam distillation Fractional distillation Expression Sponge expression Écuelle à piquer Machine abrasion Solvent extraction Maceration Enfleurage Solvent Hypercritical carbon dioxide CO2 Holistic and alternative medicine Acupuncture Alexander technique Ayurveda Chiropractic Dr Bach flower remedies Herbal medicine Homeopathy Hydrotherapy Hypnosis Iridology Macrobiotics Massage therapy Meditation Naturopathy Reflexology Spiritual healing Tai Chi Yoga Treatment of ailments with essential oils If you are suffering from any medical condition please contact your licensed medical practitioner. The treatments listed below relies on alternative healing with essential oils, and please note that no clinical trials or results are available and rests heavily on anecdotal proof. Abdominal pain Abscess Acne Addictions Anal fissures Athletes foot Bad breath Bedsores Bleeding Bleeding gums Blepharitis Blisters Boils Breathing difficulty Bronchitis Bruises Burns Carbuncles Catarrh Chapped lips Chilblains Circulation Cold sores Colds Conjunctivitis Constipation Coughs Cuts Diarrhea Diverticulosis Dysmenorrhoea Ear infections Fainting Fever Flu Frostbite Gingivitis Grazes Halitosis Hay fever Headaches Heart palpitations Heartburn Hiccups High blood pressure Influenza Insect bites Insomnia Jetlag Laryngitis Leg cramps Lumbago Mouth ulcers Nausea Neuralgia Nosebleed Pneumonia Shock Sinusitis Sore throat Splinter Sty Swollen ankles Toothache Varicose veins Wounds pci dss compliant website and shopping security sallamander concepts Ageless herbal products Esoteric essential oils Cellumend anti-cellulite cream Sanitoets home test kits and testing strips Zest for Life vitamin supplements Olinat pure natural facial moisturizing cream Creme de Vie anti-wrinkle cream pure essential oils by esoteric oils cc HOME American and international orders South African orders Contact us Shipping information Security information on website and shopping cart Index of essential oils Search our site Treating ailments with essential oils Dilution rates Ways to use essential oils Links All material is protected under international copyright law. © Copyright Esoteric Oils CC and Sallamander Concepts (Pty) Ltd 1998 - 2014. The entire content of this website is copyrighted - including text, photographs, logos, metatags etc., and no part whatsoever may be copied and used - privately, for educational purposes or publishing or for commercial application - without the written permission of Sallamander Concepts (Pty) Ltd. Unauthorized copying or use of any of our copyrighted material may result in both criminal and civil action. Our site is kept current and was last updated 31 January 2014. 100% pure natural essential oils pre-blended massage oils the world of pure essential oils caucheteux approved quality guaranteed quality of pure essential oils member of the CTFA Home Contact us Shopping security Orders in U.S.A. and World Essential oils Other oils African oils Carrier oils Pre-blended oils Caucheteux fragrancing Worldwide shipping €,£,¥.... converter Orders in South Africa (Suid Afrika) Essential oils Other oils African oils Carrier oils Pre-blended oils Aflewering | Delivery INFORMATION Essential oil index Ways to use oils Recipes Dilution rates Safety Glossary of terms Treating ailments Uses Oil extraction Related articles Therapeutic properties Alternative health OTHER Privacy Search Links Pregnancy and the use of essential oils in aromatherapy There are some divided ideas on the dangers of certain essential oils used in aromatherapy during pregnancy, but since this time should be a time to enjoy and to prepare for the upcoming birth of your child, it would be wise to rather give some essential oils a miss. pregnancy essential oils pregnant aromatherapy Aromatherapy can be a great benefit during pregnancy and assists in minimizing some of the discomfort and aches. There are however some compounds in certain essential oils that have hormone-like behavior because of their molecular structure and although there is no conclusive evidence on the effect of estrogenic oils it would be prudent to avoid anethole rich oils, like fennel and aniseed during pregnancy. Although some oils are listed as abortifacient oils, it is mainly due to their toxic nature, and should in any case not be used in aromatherapy massage at any time. Some essential oils are however not toxic, but have emmenagogue action, which is to help to promote and regulate the menstrual flow (periods), and should be avoided during pregnancy. We have compiled a list below, in which we endeavored to list all the oils which we think should not be used for massage while you are pregnant. We have compiled the list from all known oils that may in some way or other interfere with this very special time, but give nor infer any guarantee or warranty of safety for any oil not included on this list. If you are unsure if an oil can be used, kindly refer it to your licensed medical practitioner for his or her advice and directions. Essential oils to be avoided in pregnancy Pregnancy and essential oil safety in aromatherapy Almond - bitter Toxic Aniseed Anethole rich Angelica Emmenagogue Basil Possible irritant Birch Possible irritant Black pepper Skin sensitization Boldo leaf Toxic Buchu Liver hazardous Calamus Toxic Camphor Toxic Cassia Skin sensitization Cedarwood Emmenagogue Chamomile Emmenagogue Cinnamon Skin sensitization and emmenagogue Clary sage Emmenagogue Clove Skin sensitization Elecampane Skin sensitization Fennel Anethole rich Fir Possible irritant Ginger Emmenagogue Horseradish Toxic Hyssop Could cause toxicity Jaborandi leaf Toxic Jasmine Emmenagogue Juniper Emmenagogue Lemon Possible irritant Lemongrass Possible irritant Marjoram Emmenagogue Melissa Possible irritant Mugwort Toxic Mustard Toxic Myrrh Emmenagogue Nightshade Toxic Nutmeg Skin sensitization Oregano Skin sensitization Parsley seed Apiol rich Pennyroyal Toxic Peppermint Emmenagogue Pine Skin sensitization Rose Emmenagogue Rosemary Emmenagogue Rue Toxic Sage High thujone content Sassafras Toxic Savin Toxic Savory Could cause toxicity Southernwood Toxic Stinging nettle Toxic Tansy Toxic Thuja Toxic Thyme both Red and Linalol) Possible irritant Wintergreen Toxic Wormseed Toxic Wormwood Toxic Pregnancy and essential oil safety in aromatherapy Headings of links underneath Use of essential oils | List of essential oils | List of pre-blended oils List of carrier oils | Recipes | Essential oil safety Related articles | Manufacture of oils Holistic and alternative medicine Treatment of ailments Use of essential oils Air freshening Bathing | Amount of essential oils to use in bath Compresses Foot and hand baths Hair care | Amount of essential oils to use in shampoo Jacuzzis Massage | Amount of essential oils to use in massage blend Saunas Showers Sitz bath Skin care | Amount of essential oils to use in creams Steam inhalations Vaporization Links to essential oils, carrier oils and specialized pre-blended oils ESSENTIAL OILS Allspice Aniseed Basil Bay Benzoin Bergamot Black pepper Cajuput Calamus Camomile Camphor Caraway Carrot seed Cassia Cedarwood Chamomile Cinnamon Citronella Clary sage Clove Coriander Cypress Dill Eucalyptus Fennel Frankincense Geranium Ginger Grapefruit Helichrysum Hyssop Jasmine Juniper Lavandin Lavender Lemon Lemongrass Lemon verbena Lime Mandarin Marjoram Melissa Myrrh Neroli Niaouli Nutmeg Orange Palma rosa Patchouli Peppermint Petitgrain Pimento Pine Rose Rose geranium Rosemary Rosewood Sage Sandalwood Spearmint Spikenard Tagetes Tangerine Thyme Tea tree Vetiver Ylang-ylang ESSENTIAL OILS NOT SOLD BY US Angelica Birch Bitter almond Boldo Buchu Cardamom Cumin Elemi Mugwort Mustard Oregano Pennyroyal Rose otto Rue Sassafras Tansy Tarragon Savin Thuja Tuberose Vanilla Wintergreen Wormseed Wormwood Yarrow PRE-BLENDED FORMULAS Muscle & Joint Relaxation Sensual Anti-cellulite Circulation Hair & Scalp Dry & Mature Skin Insomnia Baby Vein & Artery Sunburn OTHER OILS Rosehip oil Baobab oil Marula oil Neem oil CARRIER OILS Almond oil Aloe vera oil Apricot kernel oil Avocado oil Calendula oil Evening primrose oil Grape seed oil Hazelnut oil Jojoba oil Macadamia oil Olive oil Sesame oil Walnut oil Wheatgerm oil CARRIER OILS NOT SOLD BY US Pumpkin seed oil Safflower oil Sunflower oil Recipes Dry shampoo Exfoliating facial scrub with oats Face packs (face masks) Facial creams and lotions Facial toners (tonics and astringents) Final rinse water Hair loss remedies Oil treatment for hair Perfume and Eau-de-Cologne Scalp stimulation lotion Shampoo Safety with essential oils Abortifacient essential oils Banned essential oils Cancer and essential oils Cardiac (heart) problems and essential oils Children and the use of essential oils Diluting essential oils Elderly people and the use of essential oils Emmenagogue essential oils Epilepsy and essential oils Essential oils to avoid when concentration is required High blood pressure and essential oils Liver toxicity and essential oils Pregnancy and essential oils Sensitive skin and essential oils Skin irritation caused by essential oils Sun sensitivity (phototoxicity) Toxic essential oils Related articles About Esoteric Oils Allergies, contact dermatitis and essential oils Alopecia, baldness and hair loss help for free Aroma families and classifying essential oil fragrances Aromatherapy Aromatherapy and essential oils Blending fragrances Botanical material Brainwaves, the brain and EEG Carrier oils Chemistry of essential oils Comparison of sizes oz / ml Currency converter Diabetes and essential oils Different massage techniques Different massage techniques - free Video clips Doing a skin patch test Epilepsy research Extraction methods used in the manufacture of essential oils Fatty acids Find a reflexologist Floral waters Fragrance notes Glossary Help with insomnia Herbalism versus Aromatherapy History of essential oils Information on buying essential oils Isoprene units Lipids Materia Medica - English to Latin Materia Medica - Latin to English Medical aromatherapy and medicinal applications of essential oils Mood properties of essential oils Olfactory bulb, the limbic system and the influence of odors Privacy statement Security on the internet Shopping cart security Specialized pre-blended massage oils Storage and buying essential oils Sun sensitivity - phototoxicity - and essential oils Therapeutic properties of essential oils Treating ailments with essential oils What are essential oils What is a concrete, resinoid and an absolute Manufacture of essential oils Distillation Water distillation Steam distillation Hydro diffusion Other specialized distillation Cohobation Rectification Water and steam distillation Fractional distillation Expression Sponge expression Écuelle à piquer Machine abrasion Solvent extraction Maceration Enfleurage Solvent Hypercritical carbon dioxide CO2 Holistic and alternative medicine Acupuncture Alexander technique Ayurveda Chiropractic Dr Bach flower remedies Herbal medicine Homeopathy Hydrotherapy Hypnosis Iridology Macrobiotics Massage therapy Meditation Naturopathy Reflexology Spiritual healing Tai Chi Yoga Treatment of ailments with essential oils If you are suffering from any medical condition please contact your licensed medical practitioner. The treatments listed below relies on alternative healing with essential oils, and please note that no clinical trials or results are available and rests heavily on anecdotal proof. Abdominal pain Abscess Acne Addictions Anal fissures Athletes foot Bad breath Bedsores Bleeding Bleeding gums Blepharitis Blisters Boils Breathing difficulty Bronchitis Bruises Burns Carbuncles Catarrh Chapped lips Chilblains Circulation Cold sores Colds Conjunctivitis Constipation Coughs Cuts Diarrhea Diverticulosis Dysmenorrhoea Ear infections Fainting Fever Flu Frostbite Gingivitis Grazes Halitosis Hay fever Headaches Heart palpitations Heartburn Hiccups High blood pressure Influenza Insect bites Insomnia Jetlag Laryngitis Leg cramps Lumbago Mouth ulcers Nausea Neuralgia Nosebleed Pneumonia Shock Sinusitis Sore throat Splinter Sty Swollen ankles Toothache Varicose veins Wounds pci dss compliant website and shopping security sallamander concepts Ageless herbal products Esoteric essential oils Cellumend anti-cellulite cream Sanitoets home test kits and testing strips Zest for Life vitamin supplements Olinat pure natural facial moisturizing cream Creme de Vie anti-wrinkle cream pure essential oils by esoteric oils cc HOME American and international orders South African orders Contact us Shipping information Security information on website and shopping cart Index of essential oils Search our site Treating ailments with essential oils Dilution rates Ways to use essential oils Links All material is protected under international copyright law. © Copyright Esoteric Oils CC and Sallamander Concepts (Pty) Ltd 1998 - 2014. The entire content of this website is copyrighted - including text, photographs, logos, metatags etc., and no part whatsoever may be copied and used - privately, for educational purposes or publishing or for commercial application - without the written permission of Sallamander Concepts (Pty) Ltd. Unauthorized copying or use of any of our copyrighted material may result in both criminal and civil action. Our site is kept current and was last updated 31 January 2014. member of the CTFA Home Contact us Shopping security Orders in U.S.A. and World Essential oils Other oils African oils Carrier oils Pre-blended oils Caucheteux fragrancing Worldwide shipping €,£,¥.... converter Orders in South Africa (Suid Afrika) Essential oils Other oils African oils Carrier oils Pre-blended oils Aflewering | Delivery INFORMATION Essential oil index Ways to use oils Recipes Dilution rates Safety Glossary of terms Treating ailments Uses Oil extraction Related articles Therapeutic properties Alternative health OTHER Privacy Search Links Pregnancy and the use of essential oils in aromatherapy There are some divided ideas on the dangers of certain essential oils used in aromatherapy during pregnancy, but since this time should be a time to enjoy and to prepare for the upcoming birth of your child, it would be wise to rather give some essential oils a miss. pregnancy essential oils pregnant aromatherapy Aromatherapy can be a great benefit during pregnancy and assists in minimizing some of the discomfort and aches. There are however some compounds in certain essential oils that have hormone-like behavior because of their molecular structure and although there is no conclusive evidence on the effect of estrogenic oils it would be prudent to avoid anethole rich oils, like fennel and aniseed during pregnancy. Although some oils are listed as abortifacient oils, it is mainly due to their toxic nature, and should in any case not be used in aromatherapy massage at any time. Some essential oils are however not toxic, but have emmenagogue action, which is to help to promote and regulate the menstrual flow (periods), and should be avoided during pregnancy. We have compiled a list below, in which we endeavored to list all the oils which we think should not be used for massage while you are pregnant. We have compiled the list from all known oils that may in some way or other interfere with this very special time, but give nor infer any guarantee or warranty of safety for any oil not included on this list. If you are unsure if an oil can be used, kindly refer it to your licensed medical practitioner for his or her advice and directions. Essential oils to be avoided in pregnancy Pregnancy and essential oil safety in aromatherapy Almond - bitter Toxic Aniseed Anethole rich Angelica Emmenagogue Basil Possible irritant Birch Possible irritant Black pepper Skin sensitization Boldo leaf Toxic Buchu Liver hazardous Calamus Toxic Camphor Toxic Cassia Skin sensitization Cedarwood Emmenagogue Chamomile Emmenagogue Cinnamon Skin sensitization and emmenagogue Clary sage Emmenagogue Clove Skin sensitization Elecampane Skin sensitization Fennel Anethole rich Fir Possible irritant Ginger Emmenagogue Horseradish Toxic Hyssop Could cause toxicity Jaborandi leaf Toxic Jasmine Emmenagogue Juniper Emmenagogue Lemon Possible irritant Lemongrass Possible irritant Marjoram Emmenagogue Melissa Possible irritant Mugwort Toxic Mustard Toxic Myrrh Emmenagogue Nightshade Toxic Nutmeg Skin sensitization Oregano Skin sensitization Parsley seed Apiol rich Pennyroyal Toxic Peppermint Emmenagogue Pine Skin sensitization Rose Emmenagogue Rosemary Emmenagogue Rue Toxic Sage High thujone content Sassafras Toxic Savin Toxic Savory Could cause toxicity Southernwood Toxic Stinging nettle Toxic Tansy Toxic Thuja Toxic Thyme both Red and Linalol) Possible irritant Wintergreen Toxic Wormseed Toxic Wormwood Toxic Pregnancy and essential oil safety in aromatherapy Headings of links underneath Use of essential oils | List of essential oils | List of pre-blended oils List of carrier oils | Recipes | Essential oil safety Related articles | Manufacture of oils Holistic and alternative medicine Treatment of ailments Use of essential oils Air freshening Bathing | Amount of essential oils to use in bath Compresses Foot and hand baths Hair care | Amount of essential oils to use in shampoo Jacuzzis Massage | Amount of essential oils to use in massage blend Saunas Showers Sitz bath Skin care | Amount of essential oils to use in creams Steam inhalations Vaporization Links to essential oils, carrier oils and specialized pre-blended oils ESSENTIAL OILS Allspice Aniseed Basil Bay Benzoin Bergamot Black pepper Cajuput Calamus Camomile Camphor Caraway Carrot seed Cassia Cedarwood Chamomile Cinnamon Citronella Clary sage Clove Coriander Cypress Dill Eucalyptus Fennel Frankincense Geranium Ginger Grapefruit Helichrysum Hyssop Jasmine Juniper Lavandin Lavender Lemon Lemongrass Lemon verbena Lime Mandarin Marjoram Melissa Myrrh Neroli Niaouli Nutmeg Orange Palma rosa Patchouli Peppermint Petitgrain Pimento Pine Rose Rose geranium Rosemary Rosewood Sage Sandalwood Spearmint Spikenard Tagetes Tangerine Thyme Tea tree Vetiver Ylang-ylang ESSENTIAL OILS NOT SOLD BY US Angelica Birch Bitter almond Boldo Buchu Cardamom Cumin Elemi Mugwort Mustard Oregano Pennyroyal Rose otto Rue Sassafras Tansy Tarragon Savin Thuja Tuberose Vanilla Wintergreen Wormseed Wormwood Yarrow PRE-BLENDED FORMULAS Muscle & Joint Relaxation Sensual Anti-cellulite Circulation Hair & Scalp Dry & Mature Skin Insomnia Baby Vein & Artery Sunburn OTHER OILS Rosehip oil Baobab oil Marula oil Neem oil CARRIER OILS Almond oil Aloe vera oil Apricot kernel oil Avocado oil Calendula oil Evening primrose oil Grape seed oil Hazelnut oil Jojoba oil Macadamia oil Olive oil Sesame oil Walnut oil Wheatgerm oil CARRIER OILS NOT SOLD BY US Pumpkin seed oil Safflower oil Sunflower oil Recipes Dry shampoo Exfoliating facial scrub with oats Face packs (face masks) Facial creams and lotions Facial toners (tonics and astringents) Final rinse water Hair loss remedies Oil treatment for hair Perfume and Eau-de-Cologne Scalp stimulation lotion Shampoo Safety with essential oils Abortifacient essential oils Banned essential oils Cancer and essential oils Cardiac (heart) problems and essential oils Children and the use of essential oils Diluting essential oils Elderly people and the use of essential oils Emmenagogue essential oils Epilepsy and essential oils Essential oils to avoid when concentration is required High blood pressure and essential oils Liver toxicity and essential oils Pregnancy and essential oils Sensitive skin and essential oils Skin irritation caused by essential oils Sun sensitivity (phototoxicity) Toxic essential oils Related articles About Esoteric Oils Allergies, contact dermatitis and essential oils Alopecia, baldness and hair loss help for free Aroma families and classifying essential oil fragrances Aromatherapy Aromatherapy and essential oils Blending fragrances Botanical material Brainwaves, the brain and EEG Carrier oils Chemistry of essential oils Comparison of sizes oz / ml Currency converter Diabetes and essential oils Different massage techniques Different massage techniques - free Video clips Doing a skin patch test Epilepsy research Extraction methods used in the manufacture of essential oils Fatty acids Find a reflexologist Floral waters Fragrance notes Glossary Help with insomnia Herbalism versus Aromatherapy History of essential oils Information on buying essential oils Isoprene units Lipids Materia Medica - English to Latin Materia Medica - Latin to English Medical aromatherapy and medicinal applications of essential oils Mood properties of essential oils Olfactory bulb, the limbic system and the influence of odors Privacy statement Security on the internet Shopping cart security Specialized pre-blended massage oils Storage and buying essential oils Sun sensitivity - phototoxicity - and essential oils Therapeutic properties of essential oils Treating ailments with essential oils What are essential oils What is a concrete, resinoid and an absolute Manufacture of essential oils Distillation Water distillation Steam distillation Hydro diffusion Other specialized distillation Cohobation Rectification Water and steam distillation Fractional distillation Expression Sponge expression Écuelle à piquer Machine abrasion Solvent extraction Maceration Enfleurage Solvent Hypercritical carbon dioxide CO2 Holistic and alternative medicine Acupuncture Alexander technique Ayurveda Chiropractic Dr Bach flower remedies Herbal medicine Homeopathy Hydrotherapy Hypnosis Iridology Macrobiotics Massage therapy Meditation Naturopathy Reflexology Spiritual healing Tai Chi Yoga Treatment of ailments with essential oils If you are suffering from any medical condition please contact your licensed medical practitioner. The treatments listed below relies on alternative healing with essential oils, and please note that no clinical trials or results are available and rests heavily on anecdotal proof. Abdominal pain Abscess Acne Addictions Anal fissures Athletes foot Bad breath Bedsores Bleeding Bleeding gums Blepharitis Blisters Boils Breathing difficulty Bronchitis Bruises Burns Carbuncles Catarrh Chapped lips Chilblains Circulation Cold sores Colds Conjunctivitis Constipation Coughs Cuts Diarrhea Diverticulosis Dysmenorrhoea Ear infections Fainting Fever Flu Frostbite Gingivitis Grazes Halitosis Hay fever Headaches Heart palpitations Heartburn Hiccups High blood pressure Influenza Insect bites Insomnia Jetlag Laryngitis Leg cramps Lumbago Mouth ulcers Nausea Neuralgia Nosebleed Pneumonia Shock Sinusitis Sore throat Splinter Sty Swollen ankles Toothache Varicose veins Wounds pci dss compliant website and shopping security sallamander concepts Ageless herbal products Esoteric essential oils Cellumend anti-cellulite cream Sanitoets home test kits and testing strips Zest for Life vitamin supplements Olinat pure natural facial moisturizing cream Creme de Vie anti-wrinkle cream pure essential oils by esoteric oils cc HOME American and international orders South African orders Contact us Shipping information Security information on website and shopping cart Index of essential oils Search our site Treating ailments with essential oils Dilution rates Ways to use essential oils Links All material is protected under international copyright law. © Copyright Esoteric Oils CC and Sallamander Concepts (Pty) Ltd 1998 - 2014. The entire content of this website is copyrighted - including text, photographs, logos, metatags etc., and no part whatsoever may be copied and used - privately, for educational purposes or publishing or for commercial application - without the written permission of Sallamander Concepts (Pty) Ltd. Unauthorized copying or use of any of our copyrighted material may result in both criminal and civil action. Our site is kept current and was last updated 31 January 2014.
Posted on: Mon, 03 Feb 2014 03:26:50 +0000
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