Prehistory-Part IIQ:1. Describe the paleo-environment during the Terminal Pleistocene.Terminal Pleistocene was the time when the sea-level was low throughout the world, and there was cold arid environment and intense glaciations in the high latitudes. Q:2. Why is the term Terminal Pleistocene used?Terminal Pleistocene is so termed as it was the last stage of Pleistocene before the Holocene. Q:3. What are the divisions of the Terminal Pleistocene?The Terminal Pleistocene has been divided into the Upper Paleolithic and Late Paleolithic. Q:4. Mention the river valleys in which Upper Paleolithic sites are found in India.The rivers Brahmini, Mahanadi and Subarnarekha in Bengal are the river valleys where the Upper Paleolithic has been discovered. Q:5. Point out the characteristics of the flake blade industry of the Upper Paleolithic.The flake blade industries were characterized by relatively broad blades, which show a crude stage of blade technology. Scrapers, points and borers were mainly made on flakes and flake blades. The less common ones are the blades, knives, burins and small choppers. Q:6. What does ‘standardization of blades’ imply?Standardization of blades means that blades are generally of one size and shape and are retouched tools. Q:7. Name some of the sites of burin industry in India.The sites and find spots of blade and burin industries in India are Renigunta, Nagarjungonda, in several pockets in the Kurnool region, Kuddapa and Prakasam region, in Andhra. In Maharashtra, it has been in the central Tapi basin, at Patne. Q:8. What is ‘retouching’? Retouching is a technique of blunting the tool. Small scalloping marks are made on one side of a blade because it is going to be attached perhaps to an arrow or a spear with adhesive. After the flake is removed from the core, the edges of the flake or the core itself was marked further by partial or all round clipping. Q:9. What is ‘pressure flaking’?Pressure flaking is a technique of blade making where blades are removed by pressure, although the core is often shaped out using other techniques. Small platforms are made along the edge of the core. In some cases the core was further prepared by making a ridge on it by alternate flaking. Then pressure was applied. Q:10. What are the techniques of blade removal from the flakes?Blades are removed by any of the three principal techniques - by direct percussion using a hammer or stone, wood or metal, by indirect percussion or by pressure flaking.
Posted on: Tue, 23 Dec 2014 14:59:29 +0000
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