Pseudomembranous colitis: Usually normal flora of the large - TopicsExpress

Pseudomembranous colitis: Usually normal flora of the large bowel replaced by pathogenic bacteria, due to improper antibiotic usage . Aetiology: 1- Clostridium difficile (Gram +ve, motile, spore forming, and toxin producing bacteria) . 2- Improper antibiotic usage . Clinical features: 1- Diarrohoea, from mild to severe life threatening inflammation of the colon, (new onset of more than 3 partially formed, or watery stools in a 24 hour period) . 2- Recent antibiotic usage . 3- Abdominal pain . 4- Fever, 40.5 Centigrade . 5- Foul odour of the stool . Treatment: 1- Oral rehydration . 2- Metronidazole is initial treatment for mild cases . 3- Vancomycin for mild to severe cases . 4- Agents that slow gastro-intestinal motility may worsen the bacterial infection, therefore better be avoided . 5- In immunosuppressed patients IV immunoglobulins . 6- In severe and resistant cases of Clostridium difficile infection, surgery can be done to perform colectomy, and to improve the symptoms .

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