Quelle spiegel.de Hardly any philosopher has to investigate the mass instinct of humanity and the structures of tyranny so passionately tried as Elias Canetti . His major work, Crowds and Power was released after 20 years of work, 1960; 1981 Canetti was awarded , among other things , the Nobel Prize . Its about power and powerlessness, life and death - and if you look at todays conflicts in Iran and China , it seems almost as if Canetti wrote a 500 -page letter to the future 50 years ago. Canetti brings us historical processes as a phenomenon of mass drive in ; He understands the story either as a parade of charismatic personalities even as a class struggle. Instead, it is driven by spontaneous crowds, masses , leading to the formation of power . In the world Canetti quite determine average people who find each other , fate , because they themselves turn the wheel of history . Falls history of the world according to Karl Marx lawful ahead , the amount canettische winds unpredictable and radically through the countryside , sometimes as herausschwärmende Love Parade , sometimes as a marauding army column. On the Internet and its communication options Canetti would probably have loved . The radical perspectives of interactive web technologies , the conditions for a mass 2.0, as they are to experience week after week today on the streets of Tehran as well as in China, let Canetti , the anarchists of the ages , again seem so modern. Mass protest , as Canetti , are learning organisms. Did Sigmund Freud moved in his work the libidinal relationship of the mass to a charismatic leader in the foreground, Canetti emphasizes the eroticism of the mass and of itself. Because in his view, man frees himself of his primal fear of the unknown, of his so-called I - border, never alone, but always as part of a mass . Expressed Profane : But they make a you, together we are strong . Canetti , however, is more interested in the psychological processes that take place in crowds . Separations are dropped and they all feel the same So he describes the climax of the mass experience as discharge in which Mass protest , as Canetti , are learning organisms. How right he has , can be observed in Tehran. In order to curb the corrosive effects of tear gas , spark protesters in Tehran in the weeks small fireplaces in the crowd . The flames consume the gas. Sometimes enough already a cigarette that you stick during a gas attack by the police in front of the face to ward off the gas attack. The opposition in Iran knows that no one will come to her from the outside to help. You are on your own , their only protection is the mass of people to which it builds itself . Therefore, the ruling clique Ahmadinejad had been together bludgeon smallest crowds of people , probably thousands of demonstrators disappeared , according to estimates by human rights organizations already in the dungeons of the regime. Because the public road was too dangerous as a protest room, the protesters moved at night on the roofs back - and praised Allah there , a massive throwback to the revolution of 1979. In China, the social tensions completely different nature to seek the human tendency , however , protection and support in the mass remains the same. Last month, tens of thousands demonstrated in the city Shishou after the unexplained death of a cook , whom the police wanted to be recorded as suicides . Thousands lined up around the body , to protect them as evidence and not to allow it disappears. In the province of Guizhou one years before 30,000 people flocked to the streets to demonstrate their distrust of the local justice system. They accused the police of covering up a murder ; it then went to the mysterious drowning of a 17- year-old girl . This so-called Wengan unrest lasted seven hours , government buildings were set on fire . The formation of such flash mobs like a kind of social flash flood , and is rapidly accelerated and multiplied by the Internet, bloggers and Chinese versions of Twitter as Fanfou in recent years . Before the police can intervene , the masses have already gathered . The new technology is the new mass , unlike in the days Canetti , hardly anonymous and faceless. Such masses are falling for authoritarian leaders also so unpredictable, because the human being , as Canettis main thesis , in the mass actually transformed . People are losing their old fears , shake the first years eingebläute fear of the police from . But dictatorships are not only built on violence , but above all to intimidation. Device of this psychological Hauptbaupfeiler of each authoritarian regime falter , fear grips with the rulers around. So also in Tehran and Beijing : Downright panic responded the rulers in Chinese and Iranian police state on the blogging and twittering masses , the mass of 2.0. During searches policemen and spies searched not for hidden Molotov cocktails - but according to camera phones and critical emails in the accounts. The new technology is the new mass , unlike in the days Canetti , hardly anonymous and faceless - that shows the case of murdered 27 -year-old Neda Agha- Soltan , who has since become an icon of the protest , and whose death the protest in Iran kindled anew again and again. Even in the wild west of China knows the names and stories not less fallen who gave their lives in ethnic conflict between Uyghur and Han Chinese. But if the new mass is formed from thousands of individual faces , it appears total headless in a strange way . Because the new mass may be due to interactive technology come together without any charismatic leaders are necessary as driving forces . This is also the opponent Mousavi , Ahmadinejad appears not so much as a strong leader who has beaten the crowds under his spell - rather the reverse . The wave of protest wearing it in front of him . The leaders of the new mass are more bloggers like Mojtaba Saminedschad who claim it would be enough for a figure like Mousavi easy to entertain respect, or the Chinese blogger Zola , who coordinated the Wengan uprising in Guizhou in doubt. For the big , paranoid leader of the masses , who was born in Bulgaria in 1905 Jew Canetti hardly interested in reality , not even when he left Vienna in 1938 to go into exile in London. His interest was always the amoral mass , the shoal of the human soul , making the mass movements possible. China develops on superior way to agile ambassadors in their own right . With nearly value-free precision of a doctorate in chemistry Canetti describes the different types of crowds and mobs throughout history : Hetzmassen and solid masses , and hounds warbands and also the peasant amount only to peaceful propagation of . While the masses act most modern in Iran, they act in China, however, rather archaic. For those in power , it seems to be just the opposite. In Iran interfered in civil camouflaged paramilitaries in the protest marches , to subvert as common bat the unity and intimacy and bludgeon . In China, President Hu Jintao has not only let the perfect uniformed Peoples Army in North China march , but long develops new media theories for the new mass . Because nowadays almost everyone in developed societies with a cell phone - and thus with a microphone and camera - is equipped , the state has simply no longer an option, hush protest , how it tried in vain in the electoral fraud and the nuclear program in Iran. There may be in this sense, no state secrets on socially relevant events more after Hu Jintao. Instead, the state must strive to be the most supreme spin doctor world . In China, this has been achieved in these weeks, the conflict is not the state made mainly responsible . The whole world is watching the street violence rather than ethnic conflict , are involved in the Uyghur or Tibetan. Where clings in Iran on state secrets - of dictators has always been loved - China is developing on superior way to agile ambassadors in their own right . Nevertheless, break of dictatorships hard times , and the protest is not only virtually . As the last few weeks , the cat remains - and-mouse game between mass and powerful a game of life and death - until either the protesting mass or the ruling power has forced the other person to give up the fight.
Posted on: Tue, 03 Jun 2014 05:25:58 +0000
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