Rebuttal to Scott Hess Part III Here are some facts about how scholars and other authoritative sources handle the term “proskuneo”. StrongsConcordance. proskuneó: to do reverence to Original Word: προσκυνέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: proskuneó Phonetic Spelling: (pros-koo-neh-o) Short Definition: I worship Definition: I go down on my knees to, do obeisance to, worship. HELPS Word-studies 4352 proskynéō (from 4314 /prós, towards and kyneo, to kiss) – properly, to kiss the ground when prostrating before a superior; to worship, ready to fall down/prostrate oneself to adore on ones knees (DNTT); to do obeisance (BAGD). [The basic meaning of 4352 (proskynéō), in the opinion of most scholars, is to kiss. . . . On Egyptian reliefs worshipers are represented with outstretched hand throwing a kiss to (pros-) the deity (DNTT, 2, 875,876). 4352 (proskyneō) has been (metaphorically) described as the kissing-ground between believers (the Bride) and Christ (the heavenly Bridegroom). While this is true, 4352 (proskynéō) suggests the willingness to make all necessary physical gestures of obeisance.] NAS Exhaustive Concordance. Word Origin from pros and kuneó (to kiss) Definition to do reverence to NASB Translation bow down (1), bow down before (1), bowed down (1), bowed down before (2), bowing before (1), bowing down (1), prostrated himself before (1), worship (32), worshiped (17), worshipers (1), worshiping (1), worships (1). Thayers Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 4352: προσκυνέω προσκυνέω, προσκύνω; imperfect προσεκύνουν; future προσκυνήσω; 1 aorist προσεκύνησα; from Aeschylus and Herodotus down; the Sept. very often for הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה (to prostrate oneself); properly, to kiss the hand to (toward) one, in token of reverence: Herodotus 1, 134; (cf. K. F. Hermann, Gottesdienstl. Alterthümer d. Griech. § 21; especially Hoelemann, Die Biblical Gestalt. d. Anbetung in his Bibelstudien i., 106ff); hence, among the Orientals, especially the Persians, to fall upon the knees and touch the ground with the forehead as an expression of profound reverence (to make a salam); Latinveneror (Nepos, Conon. 3, 3),adoro (Pliny, h. n. 28, 5, 25; Suetonius, Vitell. 2); hence, in the N. T. by kneeling or prostration to do homage (to one) or make obeisance, whether in order to express respect or to make supplication. It is used a. of homage shown to men of superior rank: absolutely, Matthew 20:20 (the Jewish high-priests are spoken of in Josephus, b. j. 4, 5, 2 as προσκυνούμενοι); πεσών ἐπί τούς πόδας προσεκύνησεν, Acts 10:25; τίνι (according to the usage of later writings; cf. Winers Grammar, 36, 210 (197); (Buttmann, § 131, 4); Lob. ad Phryn., p. 463), Matthew 2:2, 8; Matthew 8:2; Matthew 9:18; Matthew 14:33; Matthew 15:25; (); (R G); Mark 5:6 (here WH Tr marginal reading have the accusative); ; John 9:38; with πεσών preceding, Matthew 2:11; Matthew 4:9; ἐνώπιον τῶν ποδῶν τίνος, Revelation 3:9; (it may perhaps be mentioned that some would bring in here Hebrews 11:21 προσεκύνησεν ἐπί τό ἄκρον τῆς ῤάβδου αὐτοῦ, explaining it by the (Egyptian) custom of bowing upon the magistrates staff of office in taking an oath; cf. Chabas, Melanges Egypt. III. i., p. 80, cf. p. 91f; but see below). b. of homage rendered to God and the ascended Christ, to heavenly beings, and to demons: absolutely (our to worship) (cf. Winers Grammar, 593 (552)), John 4:20; John 12:20; Acts 8:27; Acts 24:11; Hebrews 11:21 (cf. above); Revelation 11:1; πίπτειν καί προσκυνεῖν, Revelation 5:14; τίνι, John 4:21, 23; Acts 7:43; Hebrews 1:6; Revelation 4:10; Revelation 7:11; Revelation 11:16; Revelation 14:7; Revelation 16:2; Revelation 19:4, 20; Revelation 22:8; Revelation 13:4 G L T Tr WH (twice (the 2nd time WH text only)); G T Tr WH text; Revelation 20:4 Rec.; πεσών ἐπί πρόσωπον προσκυνήσει τῷ Θεῷ, 1 Corinthians 14:25; πίπτειν ἐπί τά πρόσωπα καί προσκυνεῖν τῷ Θεῷ, Revelation 11:16; preceded by πίπτειν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ποδῶν τίνος, Revelation 19:10. in accordance with the usage of the older and better writings with τινα or τί (cf. Matthiae, § 412): Matthew 4:10; Luke 4:8; Revelation 9:20; Revelation 13:12; Revelation 14:9, 11; also Revelation 13:4 (Rec. twice; (WH marginal reading once)), 8 (where Rec. dative), 15 R L WH marginal reading; 20:4a (where Rec. dative), 4b (where Relz dative); Luke 24:52 R G L Tr brackets WH reject; (the Sept. also connects the word far more frequent with the dative than with the accusative (cf. Hoelemann as above, p. 116ff)); ἐνώπιον τίνος, Luke 4:7; Revelation 15:4. Strongs Exhaustive Concordance worship. From pros and a probable derivative of kuon (meaning to kiss, like a dog licking his masters hand); to fawn or crouch to, i.e. (literally or figuratively) prostrate oneself in homage (do reverence to, adore) -- worship. Here are some examples of how various translations render “proskuneo”. Matthew 8:2 V-IIA-3S GRK: λεπρὸς προσελθὼν προσεκύνει αὐτῷ λέγων NAS: came to Him and bowed down before Him, and said, KJV: a leper and worshipped him, INT: a leper having come worshipped him saying Matthew 9:18 V-IIA-3S GRK: εἷς ἐλθὼν προσεκύνει αὐτῷ λέγων NAS: came and bowed down before Him, and said, KJV: ruler, and worshipped him, INT: certain having come knelt down to him saying Matthew 14:33 V-AIA-3P GRK: τῷ πλοίῳ προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ λέγοντες NAS: who were in the boat worshiped Him, saying, KJV: came and worshipped him, INT: the boat worshipped him saying Matthew 15:25 V-IIA-3S GRK: δὲ ἐλθοῦσα προσεκύνει αὐτῷ λέγουσα NAS: But she came and [began] to bow down before Him, saying, KJV: came she and worshipped him, INT: moreover having come she worshipped him saying Matthew 18:26 V-IIA-3S GRK: ὁ δοῦλος προσεκύνει αὐτῷ λέγων NAS: fell [to the ground] and prostrated himself before him, saying, KJV: fell down, and worshipped him, INT: the servant fell on his knees to him saying Matthew 20:20 V-PPA-NFS GRK: υἱῶν αὐτῆς προσκυνοῦσα καὶ αἰτοῦσά NAS: to Jesus with her sons, bowing down and making a request KJV: sons, worshipping [him], and INT: sons of her kneeling down and asking The above is merely to give the readers a balanced view of how scholars handle “proskuneo” and it is clear, that they render the Greek term in different way, not all are the same.
Posted on: Mon, 24 Nov 2014 07:29:45 +0000