#SPECIAL PASSIVE 1) ODER PASSIVE Positive form Active: Verb + object Passive: Let + object + be + past participle Example: - Speak English. (active) - Let English be spoken. (passive) - Drink beer. (active) - Let beer be drunk. (passive) Negative form Active: Don’t + verb + object Passive: Let + object + not + be + past participle Example: - Don’t eat pizza. (active) - Let pizza not be eaten. (passive) - Don’t use computer. (active) - Let computer not be used. (passive) 2) INVINITIVE PASSIVE: Active: Subject + verb + to-infinitive + object Passive: Subject + verb + object + to-be + past participle Example - He wants to play football. (active) - He wants football to be played. (passive) - My brother expects to find a job soon. (active) - My brother expects a job to be found soon. (passive) NOTE: When we want to form question, we use auxiliary verb do, does, did, and negative sentence we use auxiliary verb do, does, did + not + infinitive. Example: - Do you need your computer to be updated? (active) - Did our manager start to be respected? (passive) - She does not want our books to be printed. (active) - They did not take the car to be repainted. (passive) 3) GERUND PASSIVE: Active: Subject + verb + gerund + object Passive: Subject + verb + object + being + past participle Example: - We like having lunch at a restaurant. (active) - We like lunch being had at a restaurant. (passive) - He admitted breaking the window. (active) - He admitted the window being broken. (passive) NOTE: When we want to form question, we use auxiliary verb do, does, did, and negative sentence we use auxiliary verb do, does, did + not + infinitive. 4) TWO-DIFFERENT-PATTERN PASSIVE WITH AN ACTIVE SENTENCE In an active sentence, a verb of giving can have two different patterns after it. They both have the same meaning. Active: - The Queen gave a medal to the businessman. - The Queen gave the businessman a medal. Passive: - A medal was given to the businessman. - The businessman was given a medal. NOTE: Either a medal or the businessman can be the subject of a passive sentence. Verbs in this pattern are: give, send, pay, lend, hand, sell, promise, show, offer, teach, owe, award, grant, allow, leave (in a will) and feed. 5) IT IS SAID (THAT) … or HE IS SAID TO … We can use a special pattern with verbs of reporting when we do not need to know who is doing the reporting. Example: - People say the bridge is unsafe. (active) - It is said the bridge is unsafe, or the bridge is said to be unsafe. (passive) - Most students expect the result is good. (active) - It is expected the result is good, or the result is expected to be good. (passive) Verbs in this pattern are: say, report, mention, announce, think, believe, understand, agree, decide, know, find, expect, hope, regret, fear, intend, arrange… NOTE: The verbs write in bold are only used in the infinitive pattern. Posted by Chhorn Khea Labels: PASSIVES PASSIVE WITH “BY” AND “WITH” BY: We only use “by + agent” when it is important to say who or what is responsible for something. Example: - The radio was invented by Marconi. - A number of trees were blown down by the strong winds. NOTE: We sometimes use the subject of an active sentence (Marconi, the strong winds) as ‘the agent’ in a passive sentence. When this happens, we use “by” to introduce the agent in the passive. WITH: We use “with” to talk about an instrument which is used by the agent to do something. Example: - I was hit with an umbrella. - The World Trade Center was crashed with two aircraft. NOTE: We also use “with” to talk about materials or ingredients. Example: - The room was filled with smoke. - Irish coffee is made with whiskey. Posted by Chhorn Khea Labels: PASSIVES PASSI VE “HAVE” AND “GET” HAVE: We can use HAVE instead of Be to form PASSIVE when talking about things we pay, employ or arrange other people to do for us. Formula Subject + have/has + object1 + past participle + ( by obj2 ) Example: - We have our car serviced by a local garage. - My manager has the computer repaired. NOTE: We can use HAVE with many different TENSES and MODAL VERBS. Example: - I am having a garage built at the moment. (Present Continuous) - How often do you have your hair cut? (Present Simple) - We had our computer serviced last week. (Past Simple) - Jame has just had a suit made. (Present Perfect) - You should have your eyes tested. (Modal Verb) - Are you going to have new carpets fitted in your flat? (Future) GET: We can use GET instead of HAVE to form PASSIVE when we talk about things that happen by accident or unexpectedly, but this is slightly less formal. Formula Subject + get + object1 + past participle + ( by obj2 ) Example: - We get our brochures printed in Hong Kong. - They get the central heating system checked once a year. Posted by Chhorn Khea Labels: PASSIVES PASSIVE WITH ALL TENSES USE: We use the PASSIVE when: 1) We do not know who or what does something Example: - The office is locked every evening. - My car was stolen last night. - The bridge was being repaired last week. 2) We are not interested in who or what does something Example: - The factory was painted during the war. - Sara has been invited to the party. - The house is being painted at the moment. 3) We do not want to say who or what does something Example: - The product was made. - The computer is invented. - The cell phone is updated. FORM: We form passive verbs with different tenses of Be + Past Participle. 1) Present Simple Passive Sub + am/is/are + V3 + (by obj) Example: - The Marketing Department is run by Jonson. - Microsoft is created by Mr. Bill Get. 2) Present Continuous Passive Sub + am/is/are + being + V3 + (by obj) Example: - The global environment is being changed these days. - Our website is being re-designed at the moment. 3) Past Simple Passive Sub + was/were + V3 + (by obj) Example: - Our company was founded in 1990 in Japan. - In 2000, three other branches were set up in Oxford, Cambridge and Edinburgh. 4) Past Continuous Passive Sub + was/were + being + V3 + (by obj) Example: - The company car was being serviced. - The brochures were being printed without any mistake. 5) Present Perfect Simple Passive Sub + have/has + been + V3 + (by obj) Example: - A small design fault has been found on our latest chip. - All of the chips have been recalled. NOTE: Present Perfect Continuous is not commonly used in Passive. 6) Past Perfect Simple Passive Sub + had + been + V3 + (by obj) Example: - They emailed us to say that the shipment had been delayed. - None of their orders had been fulfilled. NOTE: Past Perfect Continuous is not commonly used in Passive. 7) Future Simple Passive with “Will” Sub + will + be + V3 + (by obj) Example: - The library will be officially opened all day next week. - The new computer will be advertised on the Internet. 8) Future Simple Passive with “Be going to” Sub + will + be + going to + be + V3 + (by obj) Example: - The shipment is going to be delayed. - Most nuclear waste is going to be stored underground. NOTE: Future Continuous is not commonly used in Passive. 9) Future Perfect Passive Sub + will + have + been + V3 + (by obj) Example: - The electricity supply will have been cut off for a month. - The painting will have been displayed for the public. NOTE: Future Perfect Continuous is not commonly used in Passive.
Posted on: Mon, 12 Jan 2015 23:19:43 +0000