Shia view of Ali From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main articles: Shia Islam and Ali Ali Amir al-Muminin ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf, Iraq, where Ali is buried. Other name(s) Kunya: Abu al-Hasan Imam of Mosque Personal Born 13th Rajab 16 BH ≈ Jul. 17, 607 C.E.[1] Kaaba (Mecca, Arabia) Died 21st Ramadan 40 AH ≈ Jan. 27, 661 C.E. Resting place Imam Ali Mosque (Najaf, Iraq) Senior posting Title Amīrul Muminīn (Arabic: Commander of the Faithful) Bab-e-Madinatul-ilm[2] (Arabic: The door to the city of Knowledge) al-Murtadhā (Arabic: The Satisfied One) an-Nabaul ‘Adhīm (Arabic: The Great News) Mushkil-Kushā (Urdu: The Solver of Problems) Imāmul Muttaqīn (Arabic: Leader of the God-conscious) al-Wasī (Arabic:The Successor) Haydar (Arabic: Lion) as-Sādiq (Arabic: The Truthful) Period in office Imāmate: 29 years (11–40 AH) Family Spouse Fatimah Umamah bint Zainab Umm ul-Banin Khawlah bint Jafar Parents Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib (Father) Fatimah bint Asad (Mother) Children See descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib This article discusses Orthodox Shia sources on the biography of Ali (‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib) (607–661), the cousin and son-in-law to Islamic prophet Muhammad, member of the Ahl al-Bayt.[3] Ali is regarded as the first Imam and is considered, along with his descendants, to be one of the divinely appointed successors of Muhammad who are the only legitimate religious and political leaders of the Muslim community.[4] Though Ali was regarded, during the lifetime of Muhammad, as his initial successor, it would be 25 years before he was recognized with the title of Caliph (successor). Like the rest of his household, Ali is considered infallible and sinless. He is one of The Fourteen Infallibles of the household of Muhammed. Tradition states that Ali was born in Mecca (inside the Kaaba[5]), a member of the Quraysh tribe. Alis father and Muhammads uncle, Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, was custodian of the Kaaba and a sheikh of the Banu Hashim; an important branch of the powerful tribe of the Quraysh. His mother was Fatimah bint Asad who was also from the Banu Hashim. In Arab culture, this was a great honor for Ali that both of his parents belonged to the Banu Hashim. Ali was also one of descendants of Ishmael (Ismail) the son of Abraham (Ibrahim). During his childhood, Ali spent his first six years under his fathers roof. Then, as a result of famine in and around Mecca, Muhammad asked his uncle, Abu Talib, to allow Ali to come and live in the house of his cousin.[6] It would be another four years until Muhammad would announce his Prophethood. When the divine command came for Muhammad to begin to preach, Ali, only a child of ten years, arose and was the first male to publicly announce his support for his cousin.[7] Over the coming years, Ali stood firmly in his support of Muhammad during the persecution of Muslims by the Meccans. Ali migrated to Medina shortly after Muhammad. There Muhammad told Ali that he had been ordered by God to give his daughter, Fatimah, to Ali in marriage.[8] For the ten years that Muhammad led the community in Medina, Ali was extremely active in his service, leading parties of warriors on raids, and carrying messages and orders. With the exception of the Battle of Tabouk, Ali took part in all the battles fought for Islam during this time. After the assassination of the third Caliph, Uthman ibn Affan, the Sahabah (Companions of Muhammad) in Medina selected Ali to be the new Caliph. He encountered defiance and civil war (First Fitna) during his reign. Tragically, while Ali was praying and bowing to God in the Great Mosque of Kufa, Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam, a Kharijite assassin, struck him with a poison-coated sword. Ali died on the 21st of Ramadan in the city of Kufa in 661 CE. Ali is highly regarded for his knowledge, belief, honesty, devotion to Islam, loyalty to Muhammad, his equal treatment of all Muslims, and his generosity in forgiving his defeated enemies. In addition, he is respected as the rightful successor of Muhammad.[9] Ali retains his stature as the foremost authority on the Tafsir (Quranic exegesis), Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and religious thought.
Posted on: Wed, 05 Mar 2014 14:49:40 +0000
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