Some are convinced that already have definitive truths about the subject , despite the fact that I know only superficially or not at all . We therefore propose to re-examine some arguments that we have at present in this respect . Hipercivilizaţii Some authors believe that behind with several billion years were frequently extremely violent starburst , releasing quantities of gamma able to sterilize a whole galaxy. With this assumption , we may accept , for simplicity, that the hundreds of civilizations in our galaxy believe there were born one after another , at a pace somewhat evenly , starting only a billion years ago . It follows that in our galaxy surviving civilization occurs about once every 2-3 million years. It would be so - in terms of size - distance normal time between two neighboring civilizations . As the oldest civilization, it appeared likely the time when the Earth were only unicellular beings , if not long before . How could these civilizations to look today? To understand that we can not answer this question , come to think of our projects for the following centuries. Genetic experiments on humans will continue despite the resistance encountered with unpredictable consequences . Gradually, the human species will change, just as they have changed in recent decades , traditional fruit and vegetable varieties flawless and tasteless. It will be able to control the biological clock of DNA , creating virtually immortal beings and organs regenerate the lost. Eventually, we will get to replace entirely , piece by piece . Parallel applications of genetic engineering, will spread computerized prostheses man becoming more and more a cyborg that the stories of anticipation . All the usual items will become smart . Their remote control will only thinking by microchips implanted in our brains. We will work with robot arms to large distances in the cosmos or the seabed or the microdevices in the human body. extra2 Perhaps our descendants will live most of his life in virtual reality , computer networks and making them completely different . Among the people we meet in cyberspace will be replicas of real individuals , living or dead , possibly famous. Perhaps , in the distant future , we will give such a virtual personalities even a shred of independent will , initiative and maybe even a spark of consciousness , the ability to tell who was to continuing activities . We hope to exceed the speed of light , Einstein -Rosen bridges can through or wormholes , but certainly in other ways that are yet to discover . We will probably teleportation . Can we travel using vacuum energy or zero point energy . Can we learn to move in parallel universes , large distances to short ... Above we mentioned but only the next few hundred years. French researcher Patrick Gross commented in a letter in the spring of 2010 that other civilizations could be even 6 billion years older than us. But even if it were only a billion or only a million years would be enough to outperform all aspects of being able to do, figuratively speaking, any . Gross afford to assume that some of the earliest civilizations success must be conducted and a sort of colonization of our entire galaxy , since several billion years ago , then carefully controlling the places in which they arise later civilizations , adding that it is likely to be impossible for us to perceive what they do and even less to imagine what it would be able to do. These civilizations, after millions of years transformed into something else , I might call hipercivilizaţii . Maybe time and space they no longer have the same relevance for us immortality and it can live simultaneously in all times , can not exist as individuals but as parts of a universal consciousness from another realm. But most certainly , have become something beyond anything we could imagine and is no longer located on the same level with people. So , paradoxically , not spatial distances separating us but the most time. In this immense gulf of time , maybe hundreds of millions of years between hipercivilizaţiile early Earth and mankind , lies the key to the answer to most problems cosmic destiny . Maybe Im already here , but we do not see Astrophysicist V.M. Lipunov , Astronomical Institute in Moscow in 1997 calculated that the probability that in the universe there is very old civilization , is 10 43000000 , a value almost equal to zero. In other words , these are cultures . G. Cocconi and P. Morrison, argued in 1959 , in a famous article, the probability of an exchange of information between us and our civilization surpassed millions of years , is void . Analyst Raymond Fowler thought that creatures who have surpassed a billion years have a baggage of intelligence and knowledge that it exceeds our new little as you exceed that of a worm. Canadian philosopher Jan Narveson try to evaluate , in an article of 1985 , differences among civilizations are very far as evolution . Lets say - he said - that we ourselves have come into contact with ants and they would explain how we build their nests and ordered that their heads during migration are based on beliefs freely undertaken . We would impress so as to be ready to give them some rights (eg the United Nations) ? Rather not . But I defend , which would exclude some limited experiments . An entomologist who aims to study the life of an anthill will try to disturb as little of its life . We try to find as many course but not present credentials queen ants . If you have the opportunity to create some ant - robot , which would send the nest , watching from a safe place , the data submitted by them ... The famous science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke wrote: A sufficiently advanced technology can not be distinguished from magic. Lest such magic really occurs around us , but we do not see that ? Were found hundreds of unexplained origin objects , so-called OOPArts apparently forgotten by someone unknown , between them and the heel of aluminum found in 1973 near Aiud . There are hundreds of thousands of unidentified aerospace phenomena reports ( UFO s), reports made in good faith and earnest normal people . There are hundreds of movies or videos, thousands of photos , certified by all possible expertise . Only in the past few years , news agencies announced the declassification of military archives in Russia , UK , France , Brazil etc. . thousands of UFO sightings , some particularly spectacular , largely unexplained . Civil reports reproducing still more strange situations , which even aroused the interest of academics . For example , at a conference held for five days in 1992 at Massachusetts Institute of Technology were examined records of 2,000 cases , targeting people who say they were abducted by UFO occupants sites . The reports coincide in dozens of details ... pinturas_ruprestres Astrophysicist and computer scientist Jacques Vallee , participating in large projects NASA has discovered dozens of common details between the apparitions of Mary ( Fatima , Guadalupe , Medugorje , Lourdes , etc. . ) And UFO reports , but also between the latter and traditions about encounters with dinosaurs , wicked fairies , ghosts , fairies , dwarves , goblins , etc. . Strange signs occur each year in the fields , of course, many are fakes , but others remain unexplained . The first document that mentioned dates from 815 , and in an engraving published in 1678 they are explained by a so-called devil reaper which lie some spice to the ground forming two concentric circles. To these we could add many other secular and religious traditions of all peoples and of all times, about miraculous entities , descended from heaven , or coming from a realm of magic . Our mentality has divided between religious dogma and bedtime tales and science refuses to take them seriously because they can not reproduce in the laboratory nor observed whenever desired. But they preserve the collective memory of the peoples over thousands of years . Accepting the view of skeptics - Professor John Mack wrote psychiatrist at Harvard University - would mean a priori exclusion of a vast amount of data , just because they are contrary to a certain conception of the world , which is an approach more irrational and even dangerous knowledge. As stated in Prof. J. Allen Hynek eighties , astronomer , consultant for almost 20 years the Air Force: It began to be clear that instead of being alien in the narrow sense , UFOs could be part of the same comprehensive intelligence that gave rise to the mosaic of religions and mythologies , from the dawn of humanitys conscience . Monsignor Corrado Balducci Even eminent member of the papal curia in the Vatican , said in 1996 : The existence of aliens can not be denied, are now too much evidence against them and flying saucers as UFO research proves . To say categorically that they are delusions and hallucinations , or that eyewitness accounts are not evidence , its a mistake . Hipercivilizaţiile not come to us then ship to the SF clichés will not descend to the White House , we will not invade or will not help . As SETI projects , noted American philosopher Terence McKenna mind : to look , waiting for a radio signal from an extraterrestrial source is a cultural assumption equally flawed as that of investigating galaxy for a good Italian restaurant . alien 5 Might as someone up there waiting patiently anything from us. Centuries ago , civilization by us of peoples primitive led to the extinction of human alternative ways of perceiving reality , thus narrowing the toolbox of knowledge. Maybe that someone does not want to repeat that mistake and expect us to grow without us forward , even by vague allusions , its vision of life and the universe, to learn from our original one when we perform . Or can expect something that we can not even imagine ... Its good to be reasonable and accept our limitations . Will there be unresolved issues and over a century, a millennium . And those discussed in this article might , unfortunately , find among them ... Drake s Equation In 1960 , Frank Drake of Cornell University , proposed the following formula to calculate the number of technological civilizations in our galaxy : N = R fp fl we have fc L where R is the number of new stars , able to host life around them that are born in the galaxy in a year , fp the fraction of stars with planets , our average number of planets suitable for life in a star system , the fraction fl that life appears , as the fraction of these that occur intelligence fraction fc intelligent beings who develop a technological civilization . L is the lifetime of a technological civilization . last -how -many - alien- Civilizations - are- there - 1354955398 As an example calculation , if the Galaxy there are 200 billion stars and the galaxy is 10 billion years , the R - 20 . Half of the stars have planets , so fp ~ 0.5 . Every second star system there is a planet fit for life , so we ~ 0.5 . All this life appears , then fl ~ 1 . Intelligence appears but only a tenth of them , so be ~ 0.1 and reaches the stage of technological civilization in a case of ten , so fc ~ 0.1 . Average duration of use by this civilization , communications technologies that we use today is estimated at L ~ 500 years. It follows that there are N = 25 technological civilizations in the galaxy. Most values are estimates. With this formula, or the like, various authors have obtained very different results from tens of thousands of civilizations to none . Stephen Hawking and alien contact In late April 2010 Stephen Hawking , one of the most famous contemporary theoretical physicists , Professor at the University of Cambridge until 2009 , has sparked public interest and feedback on, saying that we should avoid at all costs contacts with extraterrestrial civilizations . If aliens ever visit us would think that the result would resemble more the first landing of Christopher Columbus in America . Former Canadian Minister of Defence Paul Hellyer told the The Canadian Press that It is sad that a scientist of reputation to contribute to what I would call rather misinformation regarding a very important issue . And Lord Martin Rees , astronomer royal and president of the British Royal Society warned in a conference in early 2010 that aliens might be something beyond human comprehension . I suspect that life and intelligence in the universe might have forms we can not conceive. Just as a chimpanzee can not understand quantum theory , there may be aspects of reality that are beyond the power of our mind . About Stephen Hawking says that he knows of more than 40 years , is a remarkable person and therefore any prophetic statement he makes gets exaggerated publicity . But [ ... ] I think we should give any importance to his views in this area . Legal advice Physicist Paul CW Davies , a researcher in the field of cosmology , quantum theory and astrobiologists , a professor at Arizona State University , and from 2005 chairman of the working group of the International Academy of Astronautics SETI , recently wondered : Did not look the wrong thing instead of radio telescopes wrong , wrong time ? Did not they recently have been or are already here? One of the dangers search for extraterrestrial life is anthropocentric bias . When trying to establish motives and worldly activities , we tend to think about what would we do in such cases . Better to face it - says Davis - it is simply impossible for us to guess what it could look like and how would a civilization that avoiding self-destruction , millions of years surpassed the stage where we find ourselves . Davies is convinced that biological intelligence could only be a short step in the evolution of intelligence in the universe. Already computers , especially their networks begin to overcome. These distributed systems will unite the entire planet and will project over time themselves other better systems. So it is unlikely that an alien is a being of flesh and bone , with a big head , but rather a giant artificial brain . Davies believes that it is questionable that such an entity would be really interested in contact with earth . Colonization of outer space In the last fifty years engineers have imagined all kinds of spacecraft to travel to the stars. At first talked over ORION ship designed in the U.S. , or IANTAR ion propulsion ship , designed by the Soviets. British interplanetary Society elaborated the plan DAEDALUS ship capable of reaching , accelerated flight after 3.8 years , 12% of the speed of light , etc. The road to - say - Barnard s Star , located 5.9 light years from Earth, so it would take about 50 years. Here , after several years of work , could build several other similar vessels going forward . A special role would be and automated probes that could explore potential future destinations. Michael paper, Cambridge University estimated in 1975 that using the vehicles that travel on average by 10 % the speed of light , all our Galaxy could be settled in less than one million years . Of course, this idea that science and technology will stop at the current level , which seems highly unlikely . Otherwise the time will be much shorter . Other authors have found this time higher or lower values . Frank Tipler advance figure of 100 million years , Freeman Dyson and Joseph Şklovski spoke of 10 million years , Stanislav Lem , on the contrary , believed that this period will be only a few hundred thousand years. But many have asked - lest someone took us already before ? boundedness human Many prefer to believe that we are alone in the universe , or that distances between any civilizations are too high to allow contact. As much prefer SF clichés about aliens , ruthless invaders and empires in battle. Even more people schooled believe that modern science already knows with certainty what can be and what will never be possible ... This sufficiency is inherent in our minds . Leonardo da Vinci himself was convinced that all they could find in mathematics had already been discovered . Experts Napoleon III showed that all electric motors are actually some options perpetual . Chemist Marcellin Berthelot wrote in 1877 : The universe henceforth no longer any mystery. In 1895 , Professor Gabriel Lippmann said that physics is a science is done. Physicist Heinrich Hertz was convinced that its waves herţiene will have no applicability , Lord Kelvin said that flight vehicles heavier than air is impossible, Ernest Rutherford that nuclear fission , which had accomplished , can not be used again etc. Today we are convinced that radio discovered a century ago and a little will always remain the best means of distance communication , or that if Einstein showed that the speed of light is a limit , then until the end of time will not be found no other physical limitations which prevent this ... We like splendid isolation Repeated surveys made in the USA showed that a formal declaration of the arrival of aliens, traditional religions would collapse science should recognize that very little research would have value. Near infinitely more efficient technologies , the economy would collapse . In a confrontation , our military would have no chance . In addition , it would be a blow to nationalism, nation-states , politicians, a change that would allow any government in it. The average man does not love him any overturning its reference systems . The image of a simple world completely explained , makes us feel safer and more relaxed . In short, if officials would find the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations and it is in their power to hide this information , they will most strictly . Writer Charles Fort wrote in this sense , almost a hundred years , if genuine aliens with human form , would descend into full New York and would parade the streets a few hours , saying who they are , where they come from , telling we salute them, after which they go home , after a while they would find someone who does not just say that it was a hoax but even that he himself was the one who organized this farce . Following this announcement metropolis residents should breathe a sigh of relief , saying that they suspected from the start that something is wrong with these aliens . Dan D. Farcas
Posted on: Tue, 03 Dec 2013 17:42:48 +0000
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