The Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Physical Activity on the Bone Mineral Density of Collegiate Female Dancers Marti Wolfson, BS; Zachary Aria, BS; Kimberly Sweet, BS; Patricia C. Fehling, PhD Skidmore College Saratoga Springs, New York, USA Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cigarette smoking on the bone mineral density (BMD) of collegiate dancers compared to a group of non-active controls. The subjects for this investigation were 45 college-aged females categorized as dancers (DAS) who smoke (n=10), dancers (DA) who do not smoke (n=12), non-active controls (CONS) who smoke (n=10), and non-active controls (CON) who do not smoke (n=13). Methods Prior to testing, the Skidmore Inter-college Review Board of Human Subjects approved this study. Subjects had measurement of anthropometrics (height, weight, circumferences, skin folds), current and past physical activity (by questionnaire), medical history, and smoking history. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Lunar DXA-IQ, Waltham, MA) was used to determine BMD of the total body, lumbar spine (L2-L4), and proximal femur, and to assess body composition. Results The DAS smoked an average of 10.3 ± 5.4 cigarettes per day for an average of 4.3 years (range:1-8 years). The CONS smoked an average of 16.0 ± 5.6 cigarettes per day for an average of 6.2 years (range: 4-9). There was no significant difference among groups in age, height, weight or percent body fat (DXA). Using a one way analysis of variance it is reported that the DA had a significantly (p
Posted on: Thu, 11 Jul 2013 15:46:25 +0000
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