The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Civilisation Muslim civilisation stretched from Spain to China. From the 7th century onwards, men and women of different faiths and cultures built on knowledge from ancient civilisations, making breakthroughs that have left their mark on our world. Lost Islamic History 1.. introduction of paper 2.. trigonometry, Ibn Muʿādh al-Jayyānī introduced the general Law of sines 3..In calculus, Alhazen discovered the sum formula for the fourth power, using a method readily generalizable to determine the sum for any integral power. He used this to find the volume of a paraboloid. He could find the integral formula for any polynomial without having developed a general formula. 4..In geometry, Medieval Islamic art from the 15th century intuitively echoed principles of quasicrytalline geometry, which were discovered 500 years later. 5.. Astronomy in medieval Islam In about 964, Persian astronomer Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi writing in his Book of Fixed Stars, described a nebulous spot in the Andromeda constellation, the first definitive reference to what we now know is the Andromeda Galaxy, the nearest spiral galaxy to our galaxy 6..Biology In his survey of the history of the ideas which led to the theory of natural selection, Conway Zirkle noted that al-Jahiz was one of those who discussed a struggle for existence, in his Kitab al-Hayawan (Book of Animals), written in the 9th century. 7..Education An entrance to the Al Azhar University, Cairo The Guinness World Records recognizes the University of Al Karaouine, founded in 859, as the worlds oldest degree-granting university.[38] The Al Azhar University was the first university in the East and perhaps the oldest in history. 8..Crank and piston 9..The first man to fly 10..optics 11.surgery 12..chemistry
Posted on: Tue, 21 Oct 2014 08:32:59 +0000
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