The Role and Contribution of the great son of India Raja Mahendra Pratap in Indian Freedom Movement Introduction The saga of struggle for Indias Independence is long one. Historians of the freedom movement have extensively dealt with the role of persons and parties. Memorials and monuments have been raised to commemorate the prominent individuals. With the growing regional identities we find newer personalities being brought to centre stage year after year for according a place of honour in the annals of the freedom movement. However, there is one character in the saga, who has not received attention commensurate with his role in the struggle for India’s independence. It was Raja Mahandra Pratap who established the first Provisional Government of India in Afghanistan in 1915- much before the declaration in 1929 by the Congress of the goal of complete freedom for India. The yearlong government sponsored celebrations in 1997 of the Golden Jubilee of Indias Independence also failed to notice the glaring omission. Importance & justification Raja Mahendra Pratap was great patriot, who advocated love, peace and stability in Indian Society. He was a multi dimensional personality who played a number of roles for upliftment of Indian Society. He was a moralist, and educationist, a patriot, visionary and a social reformer. His mission was not confined only the freedom movement of India he did a lot of works for world unity by advocating trade between the neighboring and far of countries. From this view point he was an internationalist of first order. He also tried to support scientific advancement for a better future and prosperity of the world. He stood for establishment of world federation based on equality of all races. He also founded a world federation club in Japan and China. It shows that Mahendra Pratap was a Leader with a message for humanity. He was against imperialism because he thoughts imperialism to be a danger for world peace in his attitude he reflected great love for secularism and liberation. Thus we see that Mahendra Pratap was truly a great son of India with great zeal for Indias freedom. His contribution to Indias independence is second to none. He was a missionary who advocated his entire life for the service of mankind. He spoke about all the problems that we find in Indian Society at the present time. Evils like caste system dowry, unemployment and untouchability were in his agenda. He wanted the destruction of an amoral society and in place of it. He wanted the construction of a society. Where people should live with love, peace and harmony The present study is proposed to reflect the message, vision, and reformative outlook of Mahendra Pratap which are very relevant in the present Indian society. His teaching and thoughts are very necessary to guide the people and take them towards light. The thesis would be beneficial for student of future as they can inspired by the message of Mahendra Pratap. At the same time the view of Mahendra Pratap can bring order in our disordered society. The important things about Mahendra Pratap is that he gave special attention to education and for this he opened number of institution. In modern India also the education system needs great attention as the future of our nation depends on education. Perhaps it is the inspiration of Mahendra Pratap that all the states of India are spending much finance of education system. Sarv Shiksha Abhiyan may also be part of this inspiration. The important things that Mahendra Pratap tried to do was the empowerment of women its very relevant in today‟s society. Though much has been done for women still there are some more things which are to be done for women. Mahendra Pratap strongly made an advocacy for the equality of woman. Those he was not a feminist but he believed the equality of women. He also talked about some root evils, like liqor consumption, child marriage, caste system, dowry system which are still polluting our society. He wanted the removal of all these problems from Indian Society. Thus from description given about it is clear that the study of Raja M.P. is very significant is todays society as it has great relevance in modern society. The study on Mahendra Pratap will benefit not all the students but all the sections of society Raja Bahadur Ghanshyam Singh of Mursan in Aligarh District of U.P. had three sons Duttprasad Sing, Baldev Singh and Kharak Singh. His third son Kharak Singh was born on 1st of December 1886. At the age of three, Kharak Singh was adopted as heir-son and was named Mahendra Pratap Singh by Raja Harnarain Singh of Hathras in Aligarh District. Raja Harnarain used to live at Vrindavan in Mathura District. In 1902, Mahandra Pratap singh was married at Sangrur to the Princess Balvir Kaur, the younger sister of H.H., Maharaja Ranbir Singh, the sikh Raja of Jind State of Panjab. He was born in a patriotic family of Mursan. But the baby was adopted by the Hathras House. He was nursed on the breast of another woman. As soon as he could eat he was kept in the outside court at a distance from the ladies residence. In the words of Raja Mahendra Pratap “I was brought up mostly by men.” When he was still very young the family of Hathras conspired to disown him. Seeing his life in danger he was removed back to Mursan estate which had already stopped his family allowance. During these several years his fate was sitting on the fence’. A Pandit and a Maulvi made him to learn by heart some verses in Hindi and Persian respectively which he did not understand. At M.A.O. College in Aligarh he was given two rooms in a bunglow where he lived practically all by himself, surrounded by his ten servants. He was not allowed to mix up with his school fellows. In his daily life a trusted barber Jhandu was his sole guardian. Upto first three classes he was a brilliant student. Due to adoption controversy he was disturbed and in V class he often got thorough beating with a cane by his teacher Mr. Niaz Mohd. Khan. In the higher classes he disguised himself in mathematics but was poor comparatively in English. In debates and discussions he was smart. In 1907 Mehendra Pratap received control of his estate and left college without graduation he felt special attachment with M.A.O. College throughout his life. Later in 1911 some M.A.O. College students of Aligarh in the leadership of Dr. Ansari went to offer their services to Turkey during the Balkan war. Mahendra Pratap also went there to join them. In 1912 Raja Mahendra Pratap offered his services to Mr. Gokhle for going to South Africa and help Mahatma Gandhi in his campaign by getting himself arrested. Gokhle advised him not to go there but accepted donation of one thousand rupees for the purpose. Raja Mahendra Pratap participated in Indian National Congress sessions in 1906 and 1910 held at session of Allahabad respectively. In the summer session of Allahabad he was in the reception committee. But his proposal to give the congress pandal for a few hours to hold All India Educational Conference later at the time of winter session of the congress in Allahabad in his own big tent for two days. However in the congress exhibition the articles made by the students of Prem Mahavidyalaya were highly appreciated and the student got Prizes. In 1914 he also published Hindi translation of presidential addresses of All India National Congress. Raja Mahendra Pratap was not only a nationalist but also an inter-nationalist of first order. In 1929, he started writing about the Concept of World Federation in the shape of a book at Moscow. He brought out his first monthly of World Federation in the September, 1929 from Berlin in Germany to give publicity to his views and news in connection with his work of peace and world unity. He was of the firm view that in the present age of scientific advancement one federated government for the entire world has become a must not only for perpetual peace but also for the economic prosperity of the whole world. He was critical of the provisions provided for the monopoly of great powers in the Leagues of Nations formed in 1919 after the end of First World War. He was also against superiority of few nations and their domination of the international order. He stood for the establishment of World Federation based on equality of all races and states, His ideas found place in the United Nation‟s charter in 1949. But the founders of U.N. again preserved their monopoly and domination by making provisions for permanent membership and the veto power in Security Council. This Executive Board later on took the form of Indian National Army (INA). When Japanese joined the Second World War on 8th December, 1941, Prime Minister, General Tojo asked Raja Mahendra Pratap to accompany Japanese army to attack British India. Raja Mahendra Pratap knew that Japanese had not honoured their word to make Manchu Kuo entirely free. They had not withdrawn their forces from Manchu Kuo. So, he did not agree to their plans which were in practice, on the lines of British Imperialism. He always stuck to his principles. Once he said: I am glad that I remained true to my principles. It is true, seek cooperation in every quarter. However, I insist on my own terms. It was not possible for such a person to follow the dictates of the Japanese army. Resemblance between Raja Mahendra Pratap and Subhash Chandra Bose Few people can match the revolutionary zeal and sacrifices of this great legendary freedom fighter during the struggle for Indias Independence. That there is a remarkable resemblance between Raja Mahendra Pratap and Subhash Chandra Bose is not met coincidence because the latter took heavily from the idea of the former. Raja Mahendra Pratap, the world wanderer at a crucial juncture of history during the war years knew no rest and strived for an Anti-British front and upheld the moral of revolutionaries of Provisional Government of India during the First World War was repeated by Subhash Chandra Bose during the Second World War in the form of “Azad Hind Government, these revolutionaries in foreign countries joined it in thousands and assisted it. Raja Mahendra Pratap prepared the base laid the foundation by his incessant effort during 1922 to 1942 in the Far East countries and the castle of Azad Hind government in the Far East was skillfully built by Subhash Chandra Bose. In philosophical terms the material prepared by Raja Mahendra Pratap is Upadan Karan and leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose is Nimitta Karana. Both these Karanas have contributed greatly in the erection of a castle of second “Azad Hind Government” abroad. Mahendra Pratap. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh (1 December 1886 – 29 April 1979) was a freedom fighter, journalist, writer, and Marxist revolutionary social reformist of India. He was popularly known as the Aryan Peshwa. Pratap was born to the “Thenua gotra Jat Hindu princely family of state of Mursan in the Hathras District of Uttar Pradesh on 1 December 1886. He was the third son of Raja Ghanshyam Singh. At the age of three, Raja Harnarayan Singh of Hathras adopted him as his son. He was married to Balveer Kaur belonging to a Jat Sikh family of Jind princely state of Haryana (then in Punjab) in 1902 while studying in college. She died in 1925. In 1895 Pratap was admitted to the Government High School in Aligarh, but soon he switched over to the Muslim Anglo-Oriental Collegiate School. Here he received his education under British Headmasters and Muslim teachers all from Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College Aligarh founded by Sir Sayyed Ahmad Khan. With this background he shaped into a true representative of secular society. To bring India to a par with European countries, Pratap established the free indigenous technical institute Prem Mahavidyalaya in his palace at Vrindavan on 24 May 1909. Freedom movement In spite of objections from his father-in-law, Pratap went to Kolkata in 1906 to attend the Congress session, and met several leaders involved in the Swadeshi movement, deciding to promote small industries with indigenous goods and local artisans. He was very much against social evils, especially untouchability. To eliminate this evil he dined with a Tamata family of Almora in 1911, and a Mehtar[disambiguation needed] family of Agra in 1912. He was influenced by the speeches of Dadabhai Naoroji, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Maharaja Baroda, and Bipin Chandra Pal, helping to make him a patriot who turned Swadeshi. He started the movement to burn the foreign-made clothes in his state. After trying sincerely to liberate his motherland, on 20 December 1914 at the age of 28 Pratap left India for the third time, with a desire to liberate India from the clutches of British colonial rule by obtaining outside support. In January 1915 on learning about his presence in Switzerland, Chatto alias Virendranath Chattopadhyay of the newly founded Berlin Committee (Deutsche Verein der Freunde Indien) requested Von Zimmermann of the German foreign ministry to get Pratap invited to Berlin. Already Chatto had sent a first mission to Afghanistan led by the Parsi revolutionary Dada Chanji Kersasp. Informed about Chattos activities from Shyamji Krishnavarma and Lala Hardayal, Pratap insisted on meeting the Kaiser Wilhelm II personally; Chatto rushed to Geneva to tell Pratap of the Kaisers eagerness to see him, and they went to Berlin together. Har Dayal, too, followed them. Decorating Pratap with the Order of the Red Eagle, the Kaiser showed his awareness of the strategic position of the Phulkian States (Jind, Patiala and Nabha), if India was invaded through the Afghan frontier. According to Prataps wish, he was taken to a military camp near the Polish border to gain a firsthand knowledge of army policies and functioning. On 10 April 1915 accompanied by the German diplomat Von Hentig, Maulavi Barkatullah and a few other members, Pratap left Berlin, with due credentials from the Kaiser. In Vienna the delegation met the Khedive of Egypt who during a conversation with Pratap expressed his desire to see the end of the British Empire. On their way, in Turkey they had an excellent visit with Enver Pasha, son-in-law of the Sultan and Defense Minister, who appointed a trusted military officer to guide them. They were received by Rauf Bey with a detachment of 2000 soldiers at Ispahan. They reached Kabul on 2 October and were greeted by Habibullah, having a number of discussions. Provisional Government of India On 1 December 1915 during World War I (his 28th birthday) Pratap established the first Provisional Government of India at Kabul in Afghanistan as a Muslim government-in-exile of Free Hindustan, with himself as President, Maulavi Barkatullah as Prime Minister, and Maulavi Abaidullah Sindhi as Home Minister, declaring jihad on the British. Anti-British forces supported his movement, but because of obvious loyalty to the British, the Amir kept on delaying the expedition to overthrow British rule in India. Due to his revolutionary ideas Pratap had a good relationship with Lenin, who invited him to Russia after its liberation and welcomed him. By this time he had become a real threat to British rule in India, and the British Government of India put a bounty on his head, attacked his entire estate, and declared him a fugitive, causing him to flee to Japan in 1925. In Japan In Japan he published the World Federation Monthly Magazine in 1929, trying his best to use the world war situations to free India. During Second World War he stayed at Tokyo in Japan and continued his movement from World Federation Centre to free India from British rule. He formed the Executive Board of India in Japan in 1940 during Second World War. At last the British government relented and Raja Mahendra Pratap was permitted to come to India from Tokyo with respect. He was also nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1932. Back to India He returned to India after 32 years on the ship City of Paris, and landed at Madras on 9 August 1946. On reaching India he immediately rushed to Wardha to meet Mahatma Gandhi. After independence also he continued his struggle for transfer of power to the common man. His vision was that the Panchayat Raj was the only tool which can put real power in the hands of people and reduce corruption and bureaucratic hurdles. He was the member of the second Lok Sabha in 1957–1962. He was elected as an independent candidate from Mathura constituency. He was president of Indian Freedom Fighters Association. He was president of All India Jat Mahasabha also. He passed away on 29 April 1979. Notes Jump up to: a b Bhattacharya, Abinash Chandra (1962). Bahirbharate Bharater Muktiprayas (in Bengali), Kalikata:Firma K.L.Mukhopadhyaya, pp. 9–24 Jump up Contributions of Raja Mahendra Prata by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, International Seminar on Raja Mahendra Pratap & Barkatullah Bhopali|Maulavi Barkatullah, Barkatulla University, Bhopal, 1–3 December 2005. Jump up The Nomination Database for the Nobel Prize in Peace, 1901–1955 See also Hindu–German Conspiracy Indian independence movement References Dr. Vir Singh (2004), My Life History: 1986-1979, Raja Mahendra Pratap, ISBN 81-88629-24-3 Mahendra Pratap (Raja) in Dictionary of National Biography, 1974, Vol.III,pp10–11 Les origines intellectuelles du mouvement dindépendance de lInde (1893–1918) by Prithwindra Mukherjee, Paris, 1986 (PhD Thesis) External links rajamahendrapratap.net/index.html punjabiamericanheritagesociety/paf/paf2000/ghadar_ki_goonj.html punjabilok/misc/freedom/history_of_the_ghadar_movement8.htm Mahendra Pratap materials at the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA). BOOKS ON RAJA MAHENDRA PRATAP 1. Reflections of an Exile, by Mahendra Pratap (raja).Indian Book Company, 1946-124 pages. 2. My Life Story of Fifty Five Years, December 1886 to 1941, by Mahendra Pratap (Raja).M. Pratap, for World Federation, 1947-358 pages. 3. My Life Story 1886-1979 Raja Mahendra Pratap.Dr. Vir Singh.2004-351 pages. 4.The Life and Times of Raja Mahendra Pratap by Dr. Vir Singh.2005-154 pages.Transcript of papers presented at a seminar on the revolutionary and freedom fighter. 5.Reminiscences of a Revolutionary, by Mahendrapratāpa (Raja.), Vīrasimha. Books India International, 1999-79, pages. Includes his travel account to different countries. 6.Raja Mahendra Pratap, by Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow Betascript Publishing, 2010-54 pages. Second Lok Sabha Members Bio-profile 1957 MAHENDRA PRATAP, RAJA (Aryan Peshwa), Indipendent (Uttar Pradesh-Mathura,1957) Son of Raja Harnarain Singh. Born at Mursan, Aligarh Distt, December 1st, 1886. Education at Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College, Aligarh. Married one son and one daughter. Public worker and preacher; President, First Provisional Government of Azad Hind founded at Kabul, Dec. 1, 1915; President, Executive Board of India to Free India, founded in Japan in 1940; Member, Congress Party, 1906-1952. Social activities: Service to humanity, removal of friction from society. Favourite pastime: Writing, Travels abroad: Widely travelled from 1914-1946; Five times round the world; U.S.A. 6 times; Moscow 10 times, 1918-1930; Germany 10 times; Afghanistan 5 times; Over 15 years in Japan, Tibet, China, Iran, Turkey, France, Italy, England, Mexico etc. Publications: Over 35 booklets including My life Story of 55 years, Religion of Love, World Federation, Aryan Four Salvations in English, Rajput, Sardar Swarg Sidhar Gaya, Brajapala, Prem Dharma in Hindi, and Din Muhammad and Patwar Ke Nawab in Urdu. Permanent address: (1) Vrindaban, Dt. Mathura, U.P., (2) Rajpur, Dehradun, U.qurban ali Reply via web DISCUSSION.
Posted on: Sat, 29 Nov 2014 19:17:24 +0000
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