The Tiger of Hind Hazrath Tipu Sultan Shaheed Rahmathulla Alai ABOUT HIS EXCELLENCY NAWAB HYDER ALI Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. 1722 - 1782), was the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. Hyder Ali was a Muslim soldier-adventurer, who, followed by his son Tipu Sultan, became one of the most formidable Asiatic rivals the British had ever encountered in India. He was the great-grandson of an Islamic fakir from Gulbarga, Deccan. His father was a naik or chief constable at Budikota, near Kolar in present-day Karnataka. He was born in 1722, or according to other authorities 1717. As a youth, Hyder assisted his brother, a commander of a brigade in the Mysore Army, and acquired a useful familiarity with the tactics of the French when at the height of their reputation under Joseph François Dupleix. He is said to have induced his brother to employ a Parsi to purchase artillery and small arms from government of Bombay Presidency, and to enroll some thirty sailors of different European nations as gunners, and is thus credited with having been the first Indian who formed a corps of sepoys armed with firelocks and bayonets, and who had a train of artillery served by Europeans. At the siege of Devanhalli (1749) Hyders services attracted the attention of Nanjiraj, the minister of the Raja of Mysore, and he at once received an independent command; within the next twelve years his energy and ability had made him completely master of minister and raja alike, and in everything but in name he was ruler of the kingdom. In 1763 the conquest of Kanara gave him possession of the treasures of Bednor, which he resolved to make the most splendid capital in India, under his own name, thenceforth changed from Hyder Naik into Hyder Ali Khan Bahadur; and in 1765 he retrieved previous defeat at the hands of the Marathas by the destruction of the Hindus of the Malabar coast, and the conquest of Calicut. Hyder Ali now began to occupy the serious attention of the Madras Presidency, which in 1766 entered into an agreement with the Nizam of Hyderabad to furnish him with troops to be used against the common foe. But hardly had this alliance been formed when a secret arrangement was come to between the two Indian powers, the result of which was that Colonel Smiths small force was met with a united army of 50,000 men and 100 guns. British dash and sepoy fidelity, however, prevailed, first in the Battle of Chengam (September 3, 1767), and again still more remarkably in that of Tiruvannamalai (Trinornalai). On the loss of his recently made fleet and forts on the western coast, Hyder Ali now offered overtures for peace; on the rejection of these, bringing all his resources and strategy into play, he forced Colonel Smith to raise the siege of Bangalore, and brought his army within 5 miles of Madras. The result was the treaty of April 1769, providing for the mutual restitution of all conquests, and for mutual aid and alliance in defensive war; it was followed by a commercial treaty in 1770 with the authorities of Bombay. Under these arrangements Hyder Ali, when defeated by the Marathas in 1772, claimed British assistance, but in vain; this breach of faith stung him to fury, and thenceforward he and his son did not cease to thirst for vengeance. His time came when in 1778 the British, on the declaration of war with France, resolved to drive the French out of India. The capture of Mahé on the Malabar coast in 1779, followed by the annexation of lands belonging to a dependent of his own, gave him the needed pretext for the Second Anglo-Mysore War. ABOUT HIS MEJESTY PADSHA BAHADUR TIPU SULTAN 1782 - 1799 H.M. Fath Ali Khan Tipu Sultan Padshah Bahadur, Padshah of Khudadad. b. at Devanahalli, Bangalore, 20th November 1750, eldest son of H.E. Nawab Hyder Ali Khan Bahadur, Suba of Sira, Nawab of Hydernagar, and Sarvadhikari of Mysore, by his second wife, Fakhr un-nisa Fatima Begum, educ. privately. Entered the Mysore service. Granted the titles of Nasib ud-Daula, Fath Ali Khan Bahadur, and Nawab, by the Nizam of Hyderabad, 11th June 1767. Granted the title of Wala Qadr, by his father. Succeeded on the death of his father as Nawab of Hydernagar and ascended the musnaid at Chittur, taking the title of Nawab Tipu Sultan Bahadur, 28th December 1782. Appointed as Sarvadhikari or Chief Minister of Mysore, in succession to his late father, 2nd January 1783. Installed at Bednur, 4th May 1783. Deposed the hereditary Maharaja of Mysore, assumed total power, and established the new state of Khudadad in 1786. Threw off any semblance of allegiance to the Mughal Emperor by substituting his own name at Friday prayers, citing that the Emperor was now a prisoner of Scindia and a mere cipher. Proclaimed himself Padshah at the Lal Bagh Mosque, Seringapatam, January 1787. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE FAMILY OF TIPU SULTAN AFTER 4TH MAY 1799 After the fall of Srirangapattinam and the death of Tipu Sultan in 1799, British rulers kept the Sultans family members in the Vellore fort.The Grand son of Hyder Ali SHEZADA HYDER ALI. Escaped from British captivity from the vellore fort and joined the Marathas in 1801. In 1806, the British East India Company, which had a large part of the country under its control, introduced a dress code for its army which largely composed of Indians. While Hindus were prohibited from wearing religious marks on their foreheads, Muslims were required to shave their beard and trim their moustache. This created a strong resentment among the soldiers. On July 9 1806, at the marriage of one of Tipu Sultans daughtersat the fort, those who planned to take part in the revolt gathered there. In the early hours (3 a.m)on July 10, Indian soldiers opened fire in the parade ground and killed some army officers and took control of the arms and ammunition. They pulled down the Union Jack flag and hoisted the Royal Tiger Flag of Tipu Sultan over the fort. They declared Tipus son Fateh Hyder as their King. But they made a fatal mistake,the cebrating sepoys failed to close the gates of the fort securely.However, a British Officer escaped, and alerted the garrison in Arcot. Nine hours later, the British 19th Light Dragoons, led by col. Rollo Gillespie, and the Madras Cavalry entered the fort through gates that had not been fully secured by the sepoys and recaptured the fort. Nearly 350 of the rebels were killed, and another 350 injured before the fighting had stopped. Some accounts have it that 800 rebels died. 17 Indian officers hanged outside,Numerous persons were imprisoned at the Vellore and Tiruchi prisons. Infact it was the war of independence prior to the first war of independece of 1857.It is also interesting to note that the mutineers in Vellore planned to bring back the sons of Tippu Sultan to power, just as the mutiny in 1857 attempted to restore Mughal rule by re-instating Bahadur Shah as Emperor of India. The British suspected the mysore princes(sons of tipu sultan) of having instigated the rebellion and transferred the mysore princes to Calcutta on 20th August 1806 . The Governor of Madras, William Bentinck, was recalled, and the controversial interference with social and religious customs of the sepoys was abolished,
Posted on: Sun, 19 Oct 2014 01:54:33 +0000
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