The University of Bombay was the first modern institution of higher education to be established in India in 1857.[115] The Commercial Bank, the Chartered Mercantile, the Agra and United Service, the Chartered and the Central Bank of Western India were established in Bombay attracting a considerable industrial population.[116] The outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 increased the demand for cotton in the West, and led to an enormous increase in cotton-trade.[117] The Victoria Gardens was opened to the public in 1862.[118] The Bombay Shipping and Iron Shipping Companies were started in 1863 to make Bombay merchants independent of the English.[67] The Bombay Coast and River Steam Navigation Company was established in 1866 for the maintenance of steam ferries between Bombay and the nearby islands;[67] while the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 revolutionized the marine trade of Bombay.[103] The Bombay Municipal Corporation was established in 1872, providing a modern framework of governance for the rapidly-growing city.[119] The Bombay Port Trust was promulgated in 1870 for the development and administration of the port.[120] Tramway communication was instituted in 1873.[121] The Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST), originally set up as a tramway company: Bombay Tramway Company Limited, was established in 1873.[122] Violent Parsi-Muslim riots again broke out in February 1874, which were caused by an article on Prophet Muhammad published by a Parsi resident.[110] The Bombay Gymkhana was formed in 1875.[123] The Bombay Stock Exchange, the oldest stock exchange in Asia, was established in 1875.[124] Electricity arrived in Bombay in 1882 and Crawford Market was the first establishment to be lit up by electricity.[125] The Bombay Natural History Society was founded in 1883.[126] Bombay Time, one of the two official time zones in British India, was established in 1884[127] during the International Meridian Conference held at Washington, D.C in the United States.[128] Bombay time was set at 4 hours and 51 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) using the 75th east meridian.[127] The Princess Dock was built in 1885 as part of a scheme for improving the whole foreshore of the Bombay harbour.
Posted on: Sat, 26 Apr 2014 07:43:46 +0000
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