The oldest continuously operating university in Europe is -----The University of Bologna, Bologne, Italy, founded 1088, some of Ancient notable alumni include, Dante, several Medieval Popes, Patriarch Hericlitus of Jerusalem, etc., and later, Marconi, inventor of radio. It was established in 1088 to teach Ancient Roman Law, Justinian Code, Emperor of Holy Roman Empire, about 550 AD. It is still rated 32 nd best law School in the World today, almost 1500 years later. Seal of the University of Bologna.svg Latin: Universitas Bononiensis Motto Alma mater studiorum (Latin) Motto in English Nourishing mother of the studies Established 1088, 927 years ago Type Public Rector Ivano Dionigi(it) Academic staff 2,850 Students 82,363 Undergraduates 52,787 Postgraduates 29,576 Location Bologna, Italy Campus Urban Sports teams CUSB Affiliations Coimbra Group, Utrecht Network Website unibo.it The University of Bologna (Italian: Università di Bologna, UNIBO) is a university in Bologna, Italy, founded in 1088.[1] As of 2013 the Universitys crest carries the motto Alma mater studiorum and the date A.D. 1088. The University has about 85,000 students in its 23 schools. It has branch centres in Imola, Ravenna, Forlì, Cesena and Rimini and a branch center abroad in Buenos Aires. It also has a school of excellence named Collegio Superiore di Bologna. It is recognised as the oldest university in continuous operation, considering that it was the first to use the term universitas for the corporations of students and masters which came to define the institution. The publisher of the University of Bologna is Bononia University Press S.p.A (BUP). HistoryEdit The entry of some students in the Natio Germanica Bononiae, the nation of German students at Bologna; miniature of 1497. The date of its founding is uncertain, but believed by most accounts to have been 1088.[1] The university received a charter from Frederick I Barbarossa in 1158, but in the 19th century, a committee of historians led by Giosuè Carducci traced the founding of the University back to 1088, which would make it the oldest continuously-operating university in the world.[2][3][4] The University arose around mutual aid societies of foreign students called nations (as they were grouped by nationality) for protection against city laws which imposed collective punishment on foreigners for the crimes and debts of their countrymen. These students then hired scholars from the city to teach them. In time the various nations decided to form a larger association, or universitas—thus, the university. The university grew to have a strong position of collective bargaining with the city, since by then it derived significant revenue through visiting foreign students, who would depart if they were not well treated. The foreign students in Bologna received greater rights, and collective punishment was ended. There was also collective bargaining with the scholars who served as professors at the university. By the initiation or threat of a student strike, the students could enforce their demands as to the content of courses and the pay professors would receive. University professors were hired, fired, and had their pay determined by an elected council of two representatives from every student nation which governed the institution, with the most important decisions requiring a majority vote from all the students to ratify. The professors could also be fined if they failed to finish classes on time, or complete course material by the end of the semester. A student committee, the Denouncers of Professors, kept tabs on them and reported any misbehavior. Professors themselves were not powerless, however, forming a College of Teachers, and securing the rights to set examination fees and degree requirements. Eventually, the city ended this arrangement, paying professors from tax revenues and making it a chartered public university.[5] The university is historically notable for its teaching of canon and civil law; indeed, it was set up in large part with the aim of studying the Digest,[6] a central text in Roman law, which had been rediscovered in Italy in 1070, and the university was central in the development of medieval Roman law.[7] Until modern times, the only degree granted at that university was the doctorate. Organization Affiliates and other institutions Notable peopleEdit Pope Alexander VI Dante Alighieri Petrarch Yuriy Drohobych Carlo Goldoni Guglielmo Marconi Alumni Among the best-known people who have attended the University of Bologna are: Popes Innocent IX, Alexander VI and Gregory XV Italian political leader Pierluigi Bersani art critic Mazen Asfour businessman Lorenzo Sassoli de Bianchi engineer Aldo Costa managers Giovanni Consorte and Stefano Domenicali mathematician Carlo Severini Nobel prize medal.svg Guglielmo Marconi Faculty and staff 11th century Irnerius 12th century Gratian Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem Bulgarus Martinus Gosia William of Tyre 13th century Rambertino Buvalelli Paul, Dominican martyr Bettisia Gozzadini William of Saliceto Sylvester Gozzolini Guido Guinizelli Benvenutus Scotivoli 14th century Dante Alighieri Manuel Chrysoloras Francesco Petrarca (aka Petrarch) Coluccio Salutati 15th century Leon Battista Alberti Nicolaus Copernicus Albrecht Dürer Yuriy Drohobych (aka Georgius de Drohobycz) Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 16th century Girolamo Cardano Giovanni Della Casa Ignazio Danti Girolamo Maggi Giovanni Antonio Magini Virgilio Malvezzi Paracelsus Ulisse Aldrovandi Camillo Baldi 17th century Giovanni Cassini Marcello Malpighi Pietro Mengoli 18th century Laura Bassi Maria Gaetana Agnesi Luigi Galvani Carlo Goldoni 19th century Nobel prize medal.svg Giosuè Carducci Giacomo Ciamician Nobel prize medal.svg Camillo Golgi Giovanni Pascoli Pellegrino Rossi Augusto Righi 20th century Nobel prize medal.svg Guglielmo Marconi Umberto Eco Pier Paolo Pasolini Romano Prodi 21st century Pier Cesare Bori Hamida Barmaki Özalp Babaoğlu World rankingsEdit In 2010 QS World University Rankings[9] ranked the University of Bologna 176th in the world, and 32nd in the world for Law. On the 2009 THE–QS World University Rankings list (in 2010 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and QS World University Rankings parted ways to produce separate rankings), the University of Bologna was ranked inside the top 200 for the third consecutive year. In 2014, the Italian newspaper La Repubblica, in collaboration with CENSIS, has awarded the University of Bologna the first place in its academic ranking of Italian universities for the fifth time in a row.[10] An overview of the THE-QS Rankings up to 2013: Year Rank (Change) 2005 159 2006 207 (Decrease 48) 2007 173 (Increase 34) 2008 192 (Decrease 19) 2009 174 (Increase 18) 2010 176 (Decrease 2) 2011 183 (Decrease 7) 2012 194 (Decrease 11) 2013 188 (Increase 6) 2014 182 (Increase 6) Points of interest See also Notes and references External links Read in another language Wikipedia ® MobileDesktop Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless otherwise noted. Terms of UsePrivacy
Posted on: Sun, 25 Jan 2015 02:16:18 +0000
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