The origin of the Italian Renaissance literature the origin of the Italian Renaissance literature at the time of the scholarship. Encouraged by princes who for the most part, cultivated the letters themselves, especially by the Medici, scholars began to revive ancient times: Veterans of the manuscripts were discovered: those we had were explained. Most great men who have shown that time out of the schools of two famous grammarians, John of Ravenna and Greek scholar Emmanuel Chrysoloras. Guarino of Verona, a pupil of John of Ravenna, went to Constantinople only to learn Greek at school Chrysoloras. Back from his travels, which he had collected precious manuscripts, he taught in Verona, Padua, Bologna, Venice and Ferrara. His main works are Latin translations of several lives and several legal works of Plutarch, and especially the Geography of Strabo. He also wrote the life of Aristotle, Plato, and wrote a Greek grammar and Latin grammar. His best claim to fame is to have discovered the poems of Catullus. Jean Aurispa as professed in the main cities of Italy, went to Constantinople to study Greek, brought the poems of Callimachus, Pindar, Oppien of the works of Plato, Plotinus, Xenophon, etc., and explained the multiplied by copies. Ambrogio the Camaldolese not professed, but by his relationships, his letters and his work, he kept the taste of a good education, as famous professors, friends, spreading their lessons. Leonardo Bruni, a pupil of John of Ravenna, apostolic secretary, and later Chancellor of the Republic of Florence, left a large number of translations of Greek authors and the Fathers of the Church, and History of Florence from the beginning in that city until the year 1401. He has also written memoirs or comments on public events of his time, and biographies of Dante and Petrarch both Italian. Poggio Bracciolino, known in France under the name of Pogge, mainly as the author of a collection of jokes and pranks licentious, was a very serious character, of great authority in the letters, and one that their went at that time the most signal services. He found a large number of manuscripts in monasteries of France and Germany, among others Quintilian, Vitruvius, a Lactantius and some speech of Cicero. He composed several remarkable philosophical treaties, evil From Princes, The vicissitudes of Fortune, De hypocrisy; a dialogue on the misfortune of human destiny, a History of Florence from 1350 until 1455. Poggio had great feuds with contemporary scholars: the most famous of his opponents was Filelfo, who studied in Constantinople professed to Bologna Florence; let Latin translations of Aristotles Rhetoric, two treaties of Hippocrates, several Lives of Plutarch, the Cyropaedia Xenophon and several philosophical treatises, dialogues modeled on Platos Symposium, the Latin poems he who earned poetic crown from the hands of the king of Naples, satires and epistles curious for the history of his century. Lorenzo Valla succeeded in Filelfo reputation wisest teacher of his time. Was it a History of Ferdinand of Aragon and some linguistic treaties. The fifteenth century saw the beginning of this emigration of Greeks in Italy, which so powerfully contributed to the revival of letters. But if they put fashionable science, they also inaugurated these idle disputes that often passionate minds. This was the time quarrels over Aristotle and Plato. Two Greeks, both named George of Trebizond, wrote one for and one against Plato. After them, Cardinal Bessarion sided with Plato and the Greek Theodore Gaza Thessaloniki Aristotle. Cosimo de Medici founded a Platonic Academy in Florence, devoted to explaining and study philosopher she wore the name. Key members were: Marsilio Ficino, who at age 23 ÉCRI Vait his four books of Platonic Institutions translated Plato and publicly explained; Pico della Mirandola, the type of study and precocious knowledge, fine genius misled by the schools subtleties, author of a thesis De omni re scibili, a misused talented prodigy and a book, Heptapte where Genesis is explained by the allegories of Plato; Christopher Landino, who was the master of Lorenzo de Medici. It was not confined in this century scholarly research of the ancients, the study of languages, the interpretation of their masterpieces; there joined the search for antiques, medals, monuments of any kind; we formed collections, we explained the inscriptions, it was used for the understanding of the authors, who helped in turn to explain the monuments. One of the first who used this method was Flavio Biondo; renewed in two works of Rome and triumphant Rome, written in Latin, he showed prodigious erudition for time. Pomponius Leto or Laetus explored the antiquities of Rome successfully; he left various treaties on the laws and customs of the ancient Romans, and a history of the emperors. His friend Platina is best known for a History of the Popes, written with elegance and impartiality. But the most famous historian of that time was Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, who became pope under the name of Pius II. He has written 12 books Comments on arriving events of his time in Italy, various philosophical tracts, treatises of grammar and philology. Italian literature is very rich in historians; fragmentation of the territory could favor these particular stories. In the fifteenth century Sambellico and Bernardo Giustiniani wrote the history of Venice; Vergerio, the princes of Carrara; John Simonetta, that of Francesco Sforza; Bernardino Corio, that of Milan; Giorgio Stella, that of Genoa. There was no little prince, who had not its historian, often biased, because he was addicted. Most of these works were written in Latin. However Pandolfo Collenuccio wrote the history of Naples in the Italian language. The overflow of the Latin poets was even stronger than in the previous century. It is unnecessary to enumerate almost all compositions without talent, and completely forgotten. It is also in this century that the improvisateurs-: more excited the admiration of their contemporaries; but there are improvisers like great actors, they die wholly, leaving just a name. Latin poetry was cultivated with more success in Naples and in the rest of Italy Pontano wrote verses as similar to the elegance and grace to those of the Augustan age it was possible for the modern do; Beccadelli, nicknamed Palermita (Palermo) left tragedies, elegies and other notable Latin poetry, but a freedom too old. Italian poetry however, was not abandoned. The example of Lorenzo de Medici was to stimulate poets prince has left canzones, eclogues, moral, remarkable poems by the elegance of the style and strength of mind; the first he wrote for the people: it was a song, a Mystery of St. John and St. Paul, which he represented at the wedding of one of his children, finally remained popular songs, witty and gaiety. Beside him stands Poliziano, universal scholar, philosopher to obey the taste of his time, but poet by nature. From the age of 15, he published letters and epigrams. He celebrated Giuliano de Medici in a poem he dedicated to Lawrence wrote popular songs or canzoni a ballo, spiritual and sleek tower resumed and perfected the ottava rima, invented by Boccaccio, and gave in the Favola di Orfeo, the model of the first modern dramatic composition. Sannazaro expressed his patriotic feelings in harmonious sonnets. His pastoral Arcadia, despite the poverty of the subject, was, in the sixteenth century only 60 editions. Other Italian poets of the time remained well below the previous. Giusto da Conti slavishly imitated Petrarch canzones in which almost all subject to the beautiful hand of his lady. Burchiello, popular poet, wrote poems almost always inconsistent, but do not lack wit or originality. The three brothers Pulci, Bernardo, Lucca and Luigi, wrote elegies, Eclogues and poems in honor of Giuliano and Lorenzo de Medici. Seradno Aquilano was the most famous of all these poets is equaled to Petrarch; but his reputation survived him only a century. It is also fair to draw from the crowd Matteo Palmieri, the Città di Vità is a last echo of the poetry of Dante, Feo Belcari Francesco Cei and finally Girolamo Benivieni; there in his poems clarity, naturalness and purity of taste, which seem the distinctive qualities of the school of Florence. The women did not stay back in the literary movement of this century. We saw many write verses pleasant either in Italian or Latin, and even Greek, harangue in Latin, like the young Hippolyte Sforza, Pope Pius II, or, as Cassandra Fedele, stand out in the study of belles lettres and philosophy, argue against the most learned and earn praise from Poliziano. The sixteenth century was the heyday of Italian literature. The scholars of the fifteenth had prepared huge material to the next generation, and the heirs are found worthy to receive the inheritance of their predecessors.
Posted on: Mon, 22 Dec 2014 10:32:05 +0000