The sixth step The new atomic model is developed on the basis of the old model, it can also be said that the new model will not come out for no reason if there is no old atomic model. In addition, it can’t be denied that the Coulombs law, Gausss law, Biot - Savart law, Ampere, Faradays law of electromagnetic induction, Lenz and so on are discovered with the help of electronic hypothesis, biology, chemistry, optics, electrical and other natural sciences were developed under the guidance of the old model of the atom, therefore, the author entirely sure the old model of the atom has played a progressive role in the development process of the natural sciences. However, with the in-depth research, the shortage of old atomic model has gradually exposed, and its explanations of natural phenomena has not yet to be satisfied, The new atomic model is developed on the basis of the old model, and the main difference between the two is the different mode of thinking adopted in dealing with electronic problems fall into the nucleus, one considers trying every way to prevent electrons fall into the nucleus , the other consider following :the nature. This also determines a different approach to solve problems, one has attempted to prevent electrons fall into the nucleus by increasing the particles. the other consider following : Entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily. Six hundred years ago, the orthodox Scholastics put forward countless physical form, nature, hidden quality or something like that based on the realist point of view, they added these on everything, and thought this was scientific explanation of things. Occam was tired of endless bickering on the total phase, the essence of the kind, he then wrote his book to make publicity of nominalism, according to him, only those things with a certain size and shape, quality that can be grasped by the thoughts of human beings of Physical material entity is real. There is no need to set up the common entity outside the individual things, because these entities neither have the logical self-evident, but also beyond the experience that was difficult to be understood, even can’t be proved for their existence through experiments, they are just thinking of abstract things, only some names, all such things are useless, and they would prevent people from correctly understanding things, thus the thinking economic principles must be adopted to shave them totally. It is also simplified rule advocated by Occam:Entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily. If you have two theories that both explain the observed facts, then you should use the simplest until more evidence comes along The simplest explanation for some phenomenon is more likely to be accurate than more complicated explanations. If you have two equally likely solutions to a problem, choose the simplest. The explanation requiring the fewest assumptions is most likely to be correct. This principle goes back at least as far as Aristotle, who wrote Nature operates in the shortest way possible. Newton stated the rule: We are to admit no more causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances. Einstein: The lofty goal of all theory is to make these elements can’t be simplified as simple as possible and as few in number, but also will not give up the appropriate representation on any empirical content. In 1939 Paul Dirac wrote The research worker, in his effort to express the fundamental laws of Nature in mathematical form, should strive mainly for mathematical beauty. It often happens that the requirements of simplicity and beauty are the same, but where they clash the latter must take precedence. The purpose of Occams razor is to pursue simple and efficient scientific method, for 600 years, this principle has been received wide success in science and technology. Polish astronomer Copernicus was a person used Occams razor early to achieve great success. In the second century AD, the ancient Greek astronomer Ptolemy put forward geocentric. Ptolemy believed that the Earth was stationary at the center of the universe, and all objects are orbiting the earth. However, scientists discover that the operation of a celestial body shows the phenomenon of unsteadiness during their observation. To explain this phenomenon, Ptolemy increased some of the auxiliary round beyond the circular motion of celestial bodies. But after a few centuries, the deviation generated would become more serious, it’s not sufficient to explain the operation of celestial bodies with only Ptolemys round, and this requires adding an increasing number of rounds. The descendants of scholars have been dedicated to such make-up work, results in Ptolemys system becoming more complex, each planet needs more than 80 rounds, all rounds to orbit the Earth. Copernicus considered that this system is not true and lacks of simplicity, and the development path of astronomy should not continue to fix the old Ptolemaic theory, but to change the thinking patterns to find the structure of the universe from another perspective. So Copernicus wielded Occams razor to cut Ptolemys round, and he created the simple heliocentric theory. Copernicus heliocentric theory is a kind of revolution for human to understand the universe, and it makes peoples whole outlook have changed significantly. Copernicuss great achievements have not only paved the road leading to modern astronomy, but also created a whole new era for the natural science to move forward. In 1774, the father of modern chemistry Lavoisier found that the weight of the metal after calcinations was increased when doing experiment of calcined metal. According to phlogiston theory the ashes after burning should be lighter than before combustion. In face of such vivid fact, Lavoisier picked up Occams Razor to remove the substance phlogiston, present a scientific combustion doctrine-oxidation doctrine. In 1798, when British physicist Rumford machined the barrel with a blunt drill, he discovered that the frictional heat was inexhaustible, and the view of thermal mass conservation was wrong. Therefore, Rumford decisively picked up Occams razor to remove the thermal substance (calories) with zero mass. In this way, thermal is the macroeconomic performance of the particle motion in the internal materials, there’s fundamentally no thermal substance in the internal materials (calories). Rumford’s experiment completely destroyed Caloric theory and provided way for development of physics. In March 1905, Einstein denied the existence of the ether according to the famous ether drift experiment done by Michelson and Morey. There are more examples of successful use of Occams razor, such as Newton used Occams razor to simplify the complicated relationship in mechanics into Newtons three laws and the law of gravitation, thus established a complete mechanical system. Mathematician Euler used Occams razor to simplify the Seven Bridges problem. Einstein used Occams razor to shave off energy transfer medium substance such as ether etc. In the technology field, Occams razor has been confirmed for numerous times, such as in bicycle design, a small pair of the balanced rear wheels was cut off. The rack on the train tracks has been cut off. Wright Brothers didn’t achieve success until they simplified the aircraft design.
Posted on: Thu, 01 Jan 2015 13:30:59 +0000
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