Under Brehon Law trees were protected and heavy fines were imposed for the destruction of trees based on a hierarchical classification. Airig Fedo - ‘Nobles of the Wood’ (Cheiftain Trees): Daur - Oak, Coll - Hazel, Cuilenn - Holly, Ibar - Yew, Uinnius - Ash, Ochtach - Scots Pine, Aball - Wild Apple. Aithig Fedo - ‘Commoners of the Wood’ (Peasant Trees): , Fern - Alder, Sail - Willow, Scé - Hawthorn (Whitethorn), Cáerthann - Rowan (Mountain Ash), Beithe - Birch, Lem - Elm, Idath - Wild Cherry. Fodla Fedo - ‘Lower Divisions of the Wood’ (Shrub Trees): , Draigen - Blackthorn, Trom - Elder (Bore Tree), Féorus - Spindle-Tree, Crithach - Aspen, Crann Fir - Juniper, Findcholl - Whitebeam, Caithne - Arbitus (Strawberry Tree). Iosa Fedo - ‘Bushes of the Wood’ (Bramble Trees): , Raith - Bracken, Rait - Bog-Myrtle, Aiten - Gorse (Furze), Dris - Bramble (Blackberry), Fróech - Heather, Gilcach - Broom, Spín - Wild Rose (Dog Rose). An early legal poem, translated by D.A. Binchy, reads: “A danger from which there is no escape is the penalty for felling a sacred tree. Historically, there were five great trees of Ireland: Bile Uisnigh, the ancient tree at Uisneach; Bíle Tortan at Ardbreccan in County Meath; Craobh Daithi in County Westmeath; Eo Rossa, a yew at Old Leighlin in County Carlow; and Eo Mugna, an oak at the mouth of the Shannon. Some of these trees were reputed to be large enough to shelter a thousand men. Trees such as oak and yew were associated with kingship. (the Irish word bíle means ‘sacred tree’) Many other individual trees were considered sacred too. Sacred trees and groves were considered as sanctuaries, and were often the location of celebrations. The ancient Irish built no temples. Instead, they treated nature as a temple. Trees were the oldest living things and were treated as sources of great wisdom. Fairy Thorns and Rag Trees were considered to be frequently visited by beings of the Otherworld. Mass Bushes served as the location for sermons and Monument Trees as the location for weddings, royal inaugurations, seasonal festivals, and other social events. Even today, there is a reverence for Fairy Trees; highway construction workers have diverted the course of their road so as to leave a single hawthorn standing.
Posted on: Mon, 18 Nov 2013 00:07:06 +0000
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